184 
the author advocates some form of self-govern- 
ment in home and school, the cooperation of 
church and school in educational work, the 
correlation of educational forces in the com- 
munity, and in the closing chapter he very 
properly gives an account of the Brookline 
Education Society and its work—a work in 
which Superintendent Dutton may well take 
pride. 1 ae ay 
Who's Who in America? A Biographical Dic- 
tionary of Living Men and Women of the 
United States, 1899-1900. Edited by JoHN 
W.-LEONARD. Chicago, A. N. Marquis and 
Company. Sm.8vo. Pp. xxxii-+ 822. Price, 
$2.75. 
Under the somewhat flippant title borrowed 
from a useful English publication, Mr. Leonard 
and his publishers have put forth a notably 
compact, convenient and scholarly hand-book, 
at once an autobiographic cyclopedia and a di- 
rectory of eminent living Americans. The bio- 
graphic sketches are models of symmetry and 
condensation, and may be accepted as trust- 
worthy, since the information in nearly all 
cases was obtained from the persons themselves 
or from their families, frequently through re- 
peated effort and prolonged correspondence. 
The delicate and difficult task of selection, or 
of assorting the 8,602 eminents out of the sey- 
enty-odd millions of residuary population, 
seems to have been performed with great dis- 
crimination and fairness, with the assistance of 
a considerable corps of advisers in special lines 
of activity. The dictionary-directory is sup- 
plemented, and its scholarly air enhanced, by 
introductory chapters on ‘Educational Statis- 
tics’ and ‘Birth and Residence Statistics,’ 
which are real contributions to knowledge of 
national characteristics; and there is an ex- 
tended ‘ Necrology,’ in which are listed promi- 
nent men and women of America deceased 
since July 1, 1895. The book-making is ad- 
mirable for the purpose; the volume is con- 
venient in size and form, distinctive and ser- 
viceable in binding, suitable in paper, and well- 
adapted in typography ; while the proof-read- 
ing is, in view of the predominance of proper 
names, remarkably good—the critic for The 
Nation notes but a single error. So, on the 
SCIENCE, 
[N.S. Vou. X. No. 241. 
whole, the book is as comfortable as it is nec- 
essary to those who wish to know something 
of their contemporaries. The hand- 
book ought to be particularly helpful to scien- 
tists and educators, partly as an up-to-date di- 
rectory, partly because it gives prominence to 
distinction in their lines of intellectual activity, 
perhaps more satisfactorily than any other bio- 
graphical work extant. Among the few cate- 
gories of eminents introduced on arbitrary 
lines are all members of the National Academy 
of Sciences, and all heads of the larger universi- 
ties and colleges; and examination of the pages 
indicates that fully a thousand eminents, or an 
eighth of the whole, are distinguished for orig- 
inal investigation, frequently combined with 
teaching, while something like half as many 
more come in as educators alone. The inclu- 
siveness of the book, as regards scientific men, 
is indicated by the proportion of entries to the 
editorial corps of our leading journals of in- 
vestigation, selected nearly at random: e. g., 
of the twenty editors and associate editors of 
ScIENCE, and of the eleven of the American 
Journal of Science, all appear in the book ; of 
the ten editors of the American Anthropologist, 
all appear except the one foreign member of 
the board ; of the editorial corps of the National 
Geographic Magazine, twelve out of thirteen ap- 
pear, and of that of the American Geologist, 
eleven out of twelve; while twelve out of the 
fourteen American editors of the Journal of Ge- 
ology find place. The educational tabu- 
lation is especially suggestive, and the fact that 
fully half of the eminents were educated in uni- 
versities and colleges arises as a new argument 
for thorough education. The distribution of 
eminence, too, is of much interest. Naturally 
New York (State) stands first, with 2,039 or 
twenty-four per cent. of the whole ; Massachu- 
setts aud the District of Columbia follow almost 
together, the former with 742 and the latter 
with 724; Pennsylvania holds fourth place with 
622, closely approached by Illinois with 564; 
then there is a considerable drop to Ohio with 
821, followed by New Jersey in the seventh 
place with 296; then come California with 210, 
Connecticut with 193, and in the tenth place 
Missouri with 171; the remaining States with 
quotas exceeding 100 are Michigan, 144; Mary- 
