AueGustT 18, 1899. ] 
heart of the mountains. The greater part 
of the area is in the pre-Cambrian igneous 
rocks, and the problems relate to the se- 
quence of eruptives and the character of 
metamorphism suffered by the anorthosites. 
The researches indicate an eruptive origin 
for the great magnetic ore bodies as parts 
of gabbro masses. A paper has been con- 
tributed to the 19th Annual on this subject 
(The Titaniferous Iron Ores of the Adiron- 
dacks, J. F. Kemp, 19th Annual Report). 
Preliminary surveys were begun last year 
in the region southwest of the Adirondacks 
in the Old Forge quadrangle, where the 
relations of igneous rocks to certain lime- 
stones are the more interesting questions. 
The work begun by Pumpelly in the Green 
Mountains in Massachusetts, comprising the 
Housac and Greylock ranges, has been ex- 
tended in several directions by those who 
were associated with him. In eastern New 
York, where Walcott had worked out the 
general outline of the problems, the complex 
stratigraphy and structure of the Paleozoic 
rocks have been unraveled practically from 
Manhattan Island to the vicinity of Rut- 
land, and the relations of Cambrian and 
Silurian strata to Archean and Algonkian 
nuclei in northeastern Massachusetts and 
southern Vermont have been further inves- 
tigated. Nearly allof Massachusetts as far 
east as the edge of the Boston basin has been 
surveyed according to the classification of 
the rocks published by Professor Emerson 
in the Holyoke folio and in the Monograph 
on old Hampshire county, and this work is 
progressing from the Massachusetts line 
southward in Connecticut. The difficulties 
of determining the origin and relationships 
of the unfossiliferous gneisses and schists 
which make up this area are so great that 
progress will probably be slow and differ- 
ences of opinion may arise. It is accord- 
ingly advantageous that representatives of 
the several great universities are engaged 
upon the work. 
SCIENCE. 
205 
In the eastern part of New England spe- 
cial studies have been made of the post- 
Cretaceous formations of the Elizabeth 
Islands and of Nantucket and Cape Cod; 
and an elaborate investigation of the Nar- 
ragansett coal field has .been completed, 
the results being published in Monograph 
XXXIII., entitled ‘ Geology of the Narra- 
gansett Basin,’ by N.S. Shaler, J. B. Wood- 
worthand August F. Foerste. In northern 
New Jersey surveys have been made of the 
Franklin Furnace quadrangle, including 
the celebrated zinc mines. <A topographic 
map on a specially large scale was made, 
and through the courtesy of the companies 
the mine maps areavailable. These results 
will all be published in the Franklin Fur- 
nace folio of the Geologic Atlas. 
For several years the geology of Man- 
hattan Island and vicinity has been studied 
in its various aspects. The topographic 
surveys have been brought up to date, and 
it is proposed to issue a New York special 
folio, comprising about fourteen maps, to 
exhibit the surficial geology, under geology, 
structure and economic resources of the 
Patterson, Harlem, Staten Island and 
Brooklyn quadrangles. The field work for 
this folio is completed. 
In the vicinity of Philadelphia the crys- 
talline schists and gneisses present relations 
not unlike those of similar rocks in New 
England. Their distribution and relations 
have been worked up, and. the results are 
to be elaborated in the Philadelphia folio 
of the Geologic Atlas, comprising the Ger- 
mantown, Norristown, Chester and Phila- 
delphia sheets. Through cooperation with 
the Maryland Geological Survey and 
through the work which has been in pro- 
gress in Virginia, North Carolina and 
Georgia for ten years or more, a fairly com- 
plete reconnaissance of the crystalline 
schists has been accomplished throughout 
the Appalachian province, and their de- 
tailed relations have been unraveled in the 
