SEPTEMBER 22, 1899. ] 
the rocks at Campbellton is assumed exclu- 
sively on the evidence of a few fossil plants 
(i. e., two species of Psilophyton, one of Ly- 
copodites and one of Cordaites) that had been 
identified and described by Sir William 
Dawson. The remarkable fish-fauna at 
Campbellton was not discovered until June 
27, 1881, but it will be more convenient to 
consider it later on, in connection with the 
equally notable fish-fauna discovered in 
1879, on the opposite side of the lower 
Restigouche River at Seaumenac Bay, in the 
Province of Quebec, as the two localities 
are only about sixteen miles apart. Another 
area of Devonian rocks in the northern 
part of the province is that on the Upsal- 
quitch River, discovered by Dr. Ells in 1879 
and described also in the 1879-80 report. 
Quebec.—The Geological Survey of Can- 
ada was instituted in August, 1842, but 
prior to the confederation of the provinces 
in 1867 the scope of its operations extended 
only over Upper and Lower Canada, now 
known as the Provinces of Ontario and 
Quebec. 
With the view of ascertaining whether 
the coal measures of New Brunswick did or 
did not extend into Canada, its first Direc- 
tor, Sir W. E. Logan, devoted the summer 
seasons of 1843 and 1844 to a geological 
examination of the Gaspé peninsula and 
of the country between it and the Baie des 
Chaleurs. In 1843 he surveyed the coast 
from Cap Rosier to Paspebiac, and in 1844 
the exposures between Cap Rosier and Cape 
Chatte, thence following the Chatte River 
to the Casecapedia and crossing to the Baie 
des Chaleurs. During these two years the 
main geological features of the part of the 
province examined were, for the first time, 
definitely ascertained, and the absence of 
any productive coal measures north of the 
Baie des Chaleurs demonstrated. In 1843 
the sandstones and limestones of Gaspé Bay, 
since known as the Gaspé sandstones and 
limestones, were carefully studied and their 
SCIENCE 
409 
fossils collected. In 1844 the Gaspé sand- 
stones were traced for a considerable dis- 
tance up the St. Lawrence, and in the ‘ Re- 
port of Progress’ of the Survey for 1847-48 
they are said to extend from the very ex- 
tremity of the Gaspé district to Matapedia 
Lake, a distance of 150 miles, and their 
thickness is estimated at 7,000 feet. 
As early as 1845, if not in 1844, the 
Devonian age of the Gaspé sandstones was 
recognized by Logan. In the Annual Re- 
port of the Survey, under his direction for 
1844 (which, though written in 1845, was 
not published until 1846), these sandstones 
are said to ‘‘resemble the Chemung and 
Portage groups of the State of New York, 
with perhaps the addition of what the 
geologists of that State term their old red 
sandstone ’’ (7. e., the Catskill group), and 
to be overlaid by the Carboniferous series. 
At that time the Gaspé sandstones were 
regarded as of Upper Devonian age, but the 
numerous fossils that Logan had collected 
from them had not then been critically 
studied by any competent paleontologist. 
In an entry in his notebook for August 20, 
1848, published in the ‘ Life of Logan’ by 
Dr. Harrington, it is distinctly stated that 
the plants of these sandstones are ‘not 
Carboniferous.’ A few years later, in a 
communication to the meeting of the 
‘ British Association for the Advancement 
of Science’ at Ipswich, in 1851, Logan 
thus expresses himself: ‘‘ None of the 
productive part of the New Brunswick coal 
measures reaches Canada, but there comes 
out from beneath it, on the Canadian side 
of the Bay Chaleurs, 3,000 feet of Carbo- 
niferous red sandstones and conglomerates. 
These are succeeded by 7,000 feet of Devo- 
nian sandstones, which rest upon 2,000 feet 
of Silurian rocks consisting of limestones 
and slates.’’* 
Six of the species of fossil plants collected 
from the Gaspé sandstones by Logan in 
* Report of the Twenty-first Meeting, page 61. 
