SEPTEMBER 22, 1899. ] 
limestones are Upper Silurian (Lower Hel- 
derberg), the middle 880 feet passage beds, 
and the upper 800 feet Devonian. 
At the other end of the province a small 
area of rocks on the Famine River, in 
Beauce county, and another on the west 
side of Lake Memphremagog, in the county 
of Brome, were recognized as Devonian by 
Logan in 1863. 
Quite recently, too, a re-examination, by 
Mr. Schuchert, of some of the brachiopoda 
from the small masses of limestone on St. 
Helen’s Island, opposite Montreal, has 
shown that these limestones are probably 
the equivalents of part of the Hamilton 
formation of Ontario and New York, and 
not of the Lower Helderberg. 
Although the Devonian system is pre- 
eminently the Age of Fishes, yet for many 
years scarcely any remains of fossil fishes 
had been found in the Devonian rocks of 
Canada that are at all closely comparable 
with those of the old red sandstone of Scot- 
land and Russia. As early as 1842, however, 
the rocks on both sides of the lower Resti- 
gouche River were examined by Dr. Ges- 
ner, who says that he found the ‘‘ remains 
of fish and a small species of tortoise, with 
fossil foot-marks,’’} in the shales and sand- 
stones at Escuminac (now called Scau- 
menac) Bay, which he supposed were of 
Carboniferous age. The statement in re- 
gard to the fossils at this locality attracted 
no particular attention at the time, but in 
September, 1879, Dr. Ells found a natural 
mould of the exterior of the ventral surface 
and of one of the lateral appendages of a 
Pterichthys-like fish in a concretionary nod- 
ule at Scaumenac Bay, and in June, 1881, 
remains of a species of Cephalaspis in the 
brecciated limestones near Campbellton. The 
first of these discoveries led to further in- 
vestigations by officers of the Canadian Sur- 
* Geology of Canada, pp. 428-436. 
} Report on the Geological Survey of the Province 
of New Brunswick, etc., St. John, 1843, p. 64. 
SCIENCE. 
411 
vey in 1880, 1881 and 1882, which revealed 
the existence of a remarkable assemblage of 
fossil fishes and land plants of Upper De- 
vonian age at Scaumenac Bay, and of an 
entirely different series of fishes and plants 
of Lower Devonian age on the opposite, or 
New Brunswick side of the river, near 
Campbellton. Large collections were made 
at each of these localities, especially of the 
fossil fishes, which were described by the 
writer in 1880,* 1881+ and 1883,{ and de- 
scribed and illustrated in 1887§ and 1889.]| 
Many of these specimens were exhibited at 
the meeting of this Association at Montreal 
in 1882. 
In the collections from Scaumenac Bay 
made up to 1882 and described by the 
writer the Elasmobranchii are represented 
by two species of Acanthodes (A. concinnus 
and A. affinis) ; the Ostracodermi by numer- 
ous, remarkably well-preserved and nearly 
perfect specimens of a Bothriolepis (B. Cana- 
densis) which Gesner seems to have thought 
was a small tortoise ; the Dipnoi by a sup- 
posed Phaneropleuron (P. curtum), the type of 
Traquair’s subsequently described genus 
Scaumenacia,4] and the Teleostomi by a Gilyp- 
tolepis (G. Quebecensis), a Cheirolepis and a 
new genus (Husthenopteron) closely allied to 
Tristichopterus. A few of the superficial and 
presumably sensory grooves on the cranial 
shield of the Canadian Bothriolepis were mis- 
taken for sutures, as the similar ones of the 
European species had been by Lahusen, but 
* American Journal of Science, Vol. XX., p. 132 ; 
and reprinted in the Canadian Naturalist and Geol- 
ogist, Vol. X., p. 23. 
ft American Journal of Science, Vol. XXI., p. 94 ; 
and reprinted in the Annals and Magazine of Natural 
History, Fifth Series, Vol. VIII., p. 159; and Canal 
dian Naturalist and Geologist, Vol. X., New Series, 
p. 27 and p. 93. 
{ American Naturalist, Vol. XVII., p. 158. 
2 Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Vol. 
IV., Sec. 4, p. 101. 
|| Ibid., Vol. VI., Sec. 4, p. 77. 
| Geological Magazine, June, 1893, Decade 3, Vol. 
X., p. 262. 
