SEPTEMBER 29, 1899. ] 
for chemical study, but the discoverer of the 
spectroscope was almost forgotten. A few 
brief years passed by, and as the light of 
the brilliant meteor is suddenly extin- 
guished, so Victor Meyer was no more. 
But still Bunsen lingered, as if loath that a 
single year of the century ushered in by 
his master Wohler should be left without 
the presence of one of the giant minds of 
chemistry. But now he too is gone and the 
last link between the past and the present 
is severed as far as lives go; but upon the 
foundations laid by Bunsen many a super- 
structure will continue to rest, and yet 
many another building will be erected. 
Jas. Lewis Howe. 
WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY. 
SCIENTIFIC BOOKS. 
Anatomie des Frosches auf Grund eigener Unter- 
suchungen. By A. EcKER und R. WIEDERS- 
HEIM, durchaus neu bearbeitet von DR. ERNST 
Gaupp. Zweite Abteilung, Zweite Halfte. 
Lehre yom Gefasssystem. Braunschweig, 
1899, pp. XII. and 237-548. 
Some time ago (this JouRNAL, Vol. VIL., p. 
463) we had occasion to noticethe first and second 
parts of Gaupp’s edition of Ecker on the frog, 
and now the third part of the same work lies 
before us. This part is devoted solely to the 
anatomy of the vascular system and here, as in 
the sections devoted to the skeleton, muscles 
and nerves, we find what is practically a new 
treatment, and not merely a revision of an old 
work. Not only has every page been rewritten, 
but every illustration has been redrawn, and 
most of them are printed in colors, adding nota 
little to the clearness. 
It is impossible to summarize these 312 pages 
nor to point out what is new in them, for that 
would require more space than we can give. 
As one would naturally expect, the additions 
and changes are less in the parts relating to the 
arteries and veins, but even here they are nu- 
merous. The heart is described with far more 
accuracy and detail than ever before. Itis, how- 
ever, in the lymph system that the changes are 
the greatest. In fact, this section is almost 
SCIENCE. 
451 
wholly a new investigation. In the former 
editions there was a brief account of the lymph- 
hearts and of some of the sub-cutaneous lymph- 
sacs and that was all. Dr. Gaupp has studied 
not only all of these (he has added four sub- 
cutaneous lymph sacs not recognized before), 
but he has described with the greatest detail 
the lymph spaces which are scattered through 
the body and has made out the openings by 
which they communicate with one another. 
Aswe turn over the pages of the work we 
wonder what the technique has been and many 
may be glad to learn his methods. For in- 
jections of the arterial system he found that 
shellac solutions were most useful, while for the 
venous system he depended largely upon nat- 
ural injections, the blood settling in these ves- 
sels. To aid in this the animals were hung in 
various positions so that the blood might flow 
into the various portions. Then a transfer to 
formalin produced coagulation. A similar co- 
agulation of the lymph as well as the well- 
known method of inflation with air aided in the 
demonstration of the lymph sacs and spaces; 
while the communications between these (mi- 
nute openings in the thin and almost transparent 
membranes) were rendered visible by means of 
absolute alcohol and weak solutions of iodine. 
In conclusion we may say that we have only 
praise for this part of the work, and that, while 
in a few places we find differences from condi- 
tions which occur in our American frogs, we find 
nothing that we can regard as serious errors. 
The probabilities are that it will never be trans- 
lated, but it is a treatise which should be on 
the shelves of every laboratory. The clear and 
simple German in which it is written will make 
its contents easily accessible to the great ma- 
jority of our college students. The concluding 
part dealing with the viscera, integument and 
sense organs, is promised shortly. 
J. S. KINGSLEY. 
The Fixation, Staining and Structure of Proto- 
plasm, a Critical Consideration of the Theory 
and Technique of Modern Cell-study. By Dr. 
ALFRED FISCHER (Leipsic), royal octavo, 362 
pages, 1 double plate and 21 figures in text. 
Published by G. Fischer, Jena, 1899. 
The history of the closing cycle of botanical 
