OcTOBER 20, 1899. ] 
parius Mx. and Aicidiwm Pentstemonis Schw. on Pent- 
stemon pubescens Sol. with sowings of secidiospores 
and teleutospores. 
4. Puceinia Windsorizw Schw. on Triodia cuprea 
Jacq. and Aeidium Ptelex B. & C. on Plelea trifoliata 
L. with sowings of zecidiospores. 
5. Puceininia Vilfee A. & H. on Sporobolus asper 
_ (Mx.) Kunth. and Zcidium verbenicola K. & S., with 
sowings of secidiospores. 
6. Puccinia peridermiospora (E. & T.) Arth. on 
Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Willd, and cidium 
Fraxini Schw. on Fraxinus viridis Mx. with sowings 
of teleutospores. 
7. Puecinia Caricis (Schum.) Reb. on Carex stricta 
Lam. and @eidium Urtice Schum. on Urtica gracilis 
Ait., with sowings of zecidiospores. 
8. Puccinia angustata Ph. on Scirpus atrovirens 
Muhl. and cidiwm Lycopi Ger. on Lycopus sinuatus 
Ell., with sowings of secidiospores. 
9. Uromyces Euphorbize C. & P. on Euphorbia nutans 
Lag. and eidium Euphorbix Am. Auct. on same 
host, with sowings of zecidiospores. 
10. Phragmidium speciosum Fr. on Rosa humilis 
Marsh. and Cxoma miniata Am. Auct. on Rosa sp. 
with sowings of teleutospores. 
11. Triphragmium Ulmarie—on Ulmaria rubra Hill 
and CxomaUlmarix—on same host, with sowings of 
zecidiospores and uredospores. 
‘The Embryology of Vaillantia Hispida,’ 
by Francis E. Lloyd, New York. 
The archesporium consists of about twelve 
cells. But one of the megaspores produced 
therefrom normally becomes the embryo- 
sac, the development of which follows in 
much the usual fashion, in a position, how- 
ever, removed from the archesporium ; this 
position is attained by a migration of the 
megaspore involved out of the nucellus into 
the micropylar canal. Fusion of the polar 
nuclei takes place at some distance from the 
egg ; toward which, however, the endosperm 
moves and to which it ultimately becomes 
closely applied. The antipodals are three, 
one of which is very long, one end being 
plunged into the disintegrating arches- 
porium, which is believed to serve as food. 
The embryo has a suspensor which forms 
outgrowths into the endosperm, these acting 
as food absorbing organs. The endosperm 
enlarges at the expense of the integument 
SCIENCE. 
565 
which has the appearance of a tissue under- 
going digestion. A part of the integument 
remains as a seed envelope. The reserve 
food consists of cellulose and starch. 
‘The Division of the Megaspore of Ery- 
thronium,’ by John H. Schaffner, Columbus, 
Ohio. 
Our knowledge of the process of reduction 
is still very fragmentary and the observa- 
tions and interpretations presented by the 
several investigators differ widely. Hry- 
thronium albidum and E. americanum present 
favorable objects for the study of the im- 
portant phenomena which take place during 
the transition from the sporophyte to the 
gametophyte. Asin the case of the lilies 
generally, the megaspore of Hrythronium 
arises from the archesporial cell, directly, 
by differentiation and not by division. The 
archesporial cell can usually be distin- 
guished before the first of October and it 
continues to develop until after the first of 
December, when it passes into a partial rest- 
ing stage and does not complete its division 
until early the next Spring. The cell, 
therefore, in which the reduction takes 
place, has a period of development extend- 
ing over six months. 
In the Fall while the nucleus is expand- 
ing, the chromatin net-work begins to 
thicken until a continuous band is formed. 
In the Spring the band twists itself up into 
twelve loops, which break apart and form 
twelve very large, coiled chromosomes. The 
chromatin granules never ‘appear very dis- 
tinct and they do not begin to divide until 
the chromatin band begins to form the 
loops. After the pseudo-reduction the 
chromosomes are arranged on the spindle 
threads with their closed ends turned out- 
ward and are then gradually untwisted and 
pulled apart at the middle. This results 
in the transverse division of each chromo- 
some, one transverse half going to each 
daughter nucleus. 
The division of the megaspore of EHry- 
