598 
in all stages of preparation for casting, to- 
gether with molds and crucibles ready for 
use. There were (14,000) fourteen thou- 
sand pieces of bronze, some in ingots but 
most of it in wornout implements broken 
into small pieces suitable for the melting 
pot. 
Epochs of culture in the age of Bronze 
have been manifested by improvements in 
style in the hatchets of Southern Europe 
and the fibule of Scandinavia. 
Physical Anthropology. 
Physical Anthropology, which includes 
Somatology and Physiology, has received 
considerable attention at the hands of some 
of the European anthropologists. Naturally, 
these sciences are studied at immense disad- 
vantage when confined to prehistoric man, 
therefore, it has been extended to include 
savage peoples, and many of the most ar- 
dent anthropologists of Europe have studied 
the somatology and physiology of the sav- 
age in the endeavor to obtain even reflected 
light or knowledge in regard to prehistoric 
man. There had been a number of skele- 
tons of prehistoric man found throughout 
western Europe. The instances are rare 
and isolated where specimens have been 
found of paleolithic man. The evidence 
has not always been harmonious, nor has it 
always pointed in one direction. The 
Neanderthal skull has been assumed as the 
representative of the oldest race. Probably 
a dozen other specimens of human skele- 
tons, or fragments thereof, have been found, 
all of which are claimed to have belonged 
to paleolithic man. The following are the 
best known: Constadt, 1700; Lahr, 1823 ; 
Engis, 1833 ; Denise, 1844; Neanderthal, 
1856; Olmo, 1863; Naulette, Furfooz, Sol- 
utré, Cro-Magnon, Engischeim, Savona, 
1865; Aurignac, Laugerie, Brux, 1872; Men- 
tone, 1872-75; Spy, 1886. Those of the 
Grotto of Spy, in Belgium, are the best iden- 
tified and authenticated. 
SCIENCE. 
[N. S. Von. X. No. 252. 
The conclusions to be ventured are, that 
paleolithic man had a dolichocephalic skull 
with prominent frontal sinuses; he was 
short in stature but had heavy bones with 
strong muscular attachments. He was 
prognathous, with large and strong pro- 
jecting teeth which were unusually sound. 
He had habitually three molar teeth. His 
legs were crooked, and it has been doubted 
whether he regularly assumed an upright 
position. ; 
The human remains found in the caverns, 
still paleolithic but of the later epochs, indi- 
cate an increase in height, size and sym- 
metry. It has been supposed, from com- 
parison of osteologic evidence from the 
caverns, notably with the Cro-Magnon skele- 
ton, that the Berbers of North Africa and 
the Guanches of the Canary Islands repre- 
sent a similar ethnic type. 
The neolithic man had a skull more 
brachycephalic. He was not so prognath- 
ous as was paleolithic man; his forehead 
was higher and squarer, and his brain ca- 
pacity greater ; his teeth were less projecting 
and not so large as those of paleolithic man. 
The conditions of human burials in prehis- 
toric times were not advantageous for the 
present study of the somatology of the in- 
dividual. The paleolithic man rarely bur- 
ied his dead, and when he did the preserva- 
tion and discovery of the skeletons have 
been largely accidental. The neolithic man 
buried his dead in great ossuaries and fre- 
quently, if not always, subjected the in- 
dividual to a second burial after the integu- 
ments had disappeared. The immediate 
and direct result is that modern discoveries 
of these ossuaries find the bones pell-mell, 
and we are unable to identify those of in- 
dividuals. 
Classification of Races. 
Unable to obtain sufficient specimens to 
enable them to master the science in its re- 
lation to prehistoric man, the students of 
