NOVEMBER 3, 1899.] 
Migrations of the Red Race in America. 
Continuing our stand on the theory of 
the unity of the human species, we recog- 
nize that all the different races must have 
sprung from one stock, and this could have 
been done only by the most intimate phys- 
ical connection. No theory of similarity of 
human thought and need will even assist in 
explaining this fact. The difficulties of mi- 
gration all disappear before it ; distances of 
time and place are as nothing. On the basis 
that the human species sprang from a single 
stock, the conclusion is not to be evaded 
that all the races, the Red among the rest, 
descended from the stock, generation after 
generation, from father to son and from’ 
mother to daughter; and this must have 
been true from the time of the first human 
pair down to those born in A. D., 1899. 
This proves the communication and rela- 
tionship between all individuals of the 
human species and a priori that all human 
occupation of different countries, or pas- 
sages from one country to another must 
have been accomplished by migration. 
On this subject Sir John Lubbock (Pre- 
historic Times, p. 587) says: 
Assuming, of course, the unity of the human race, 
there can be no doubt that men originally“crept over 
the earth’s surface, little by little, year by year, just, 
for instance, as the weeds of Lurope are now gradu- 
ally, butsurely creeping over the surface of Australia. 
On this assumption, the questions of 
human migration, and with it the migra- 
tion or importation of human industries, 
settle themselves. If the people migrated, 
they carried their industries with them. 
Their knowledge of implements, utensils and 
weapons, and how to make them, ought to 
be substantially the same in both countries, 
the country of immigration as in the coun- 
try of emigration, and this we find to be 
true. 
If the prehistoric man migrated from the 
Eastern Hemisphere to the Western, and 
SCIENCE. 
643 
commenced his occupation at the early pe- 
riod, the Paleolithic, as suggested by Dr. 
Brinton and as indicated by the possible 
existence here of paleolithic implements, he 
must have brought with him the knowledge 
of paleolithic industries, whatever those 
may have been. He may have come over 
in the Paleolithic period and had either a 
continued communication or a renewal of 
the migration. If his migration or the re- 
newal thereof was not until the Neolithic 
period, then he brought with him the 
knowledge of that period. If we are to de- 
termine this by the similarity of industries, 
we would say that the last migration in 
prehistoric times was during the Neolithic 
period. Waiving for the moment any dis- 
cussion as to whether the man of the Neo- 
lithic period was still in the savage stage of 
culture or had advanced to the barbaric, it 
is remarkable that the industries between 
the two countries should have been so 
nearly identical. Nearly every industry 
that would belong to a savage or barbaric 
people which might be regarded as neces- 
sary to their comfort if not their existence, 
is found in both Hemispheres, and in both 
substantially alike. In many industries, 
that is in the making and use of many im- 
plements, utensils, or weapons, they were 
exactly alike. There was in these cases, an 
absolute identity ; the differences were not 
greater between the implements, etc., of the 
two Hemispheres than between those of any 
two countries in the same Hemisphere. 
Similarity of Human Culture no Evidence of 
Similarity of Race, but is of 
Communication. 
The similarity between man’s culture in 
Europe during the Neolithic period, and 
that in America during the pre-Columbian 
period, extended to nearly every industrial 
object of importance relating to the lives of 
the two peoples. Nearly everything relat- 
ing to tools or implements which one gen- 
