NOVEMBER 3, 1899. ] 
Mountains. It has been described by Pro- 
fessor Leidy, and specimens have been sent 
to the museum by Col. P. H. Ray. They 
were spauls from boulders, witha sharp edge, 
and were knocked off by the Indians during 
their buffalo hunts, used temporarily and 
left. This is believed to be the only excep- 
tion to the universality of the stone scraper 
of the Neolithic age anywhere throughout 
the world. 
Speaking of the similarities between the 
industries and implements of the two Hem- 
- ispheres, I have used the term ‘identical,’ 
and the word is correct. There may be a 
difference in detail, arising from the separa- 
tion of time and distance, but with all that, 
they were the same industries, the imple- 
ments were the same, made of the same 
kind of material, by the same process and 
to serve the same purpose. If there is a 
difference between these industries and ob- 
jects in the two Hemispheres, it is like the 
difference between the present fashion in 
dress in France and in the United States. 
But there will be a difference between the 
fashions of Paris and London or, to make it 
more patent, between the city-folk and the 
peasants, whether of France, Holland, 
Sweden, Scotland or Iveland. So are there 
differences between the fashions of the 
various cities or states in the United States ; 
yet in all these countries, among all these 
peoples, however widely separated they may 
be, the difference is only of fashion; and 
all the costumes worn are at last the same 
articles of dress. This is a fair illustration 
of the differences between the stone hatchets 
or the arrowpoints and spearheads of pre- 
historic times in the countries named. 
In Europe the stone hatchet was inserted 
in its handle, though there may have been 
variations of the mode of fastening. Ar- 
rived in America, we find the same stone 
hatchet, handled also by insertion. When 
the European neolithic man wanted an axe 
or a heavier chopping or splitting implement, 
SCIENCE. 
645, 
he drilled a hole through the axe and in- 
serted a handle, sledge-fashion. The pre- 
historic American did not adopt this 
style. He made a groove and tied a withe 
around his axe. This was a difference in 
detail between the style of implement of 
the two countries. It was not because the 
European man did not know to make a 
groove and put a withe around it, for his 
mining tools were made in that way ; nor, 
on the other hand, was it because the 
American could not drill a hole in stone, 
for he drilled as much and as finely as did 
the European. 
There were other differences of detail. 
The pottery of America may be larger and 
more finely made, but in both Hemispheres. 
the processes were practically the same. 
There is as much difference to-day in pot- 
tery making establishments in adjoining 
shires or counties in either of the two 
countries, as there is between the countries. 
themselves. 
Ornaments of stone and shell may be dif- 
ferent in the two countries, but they are at: 
last but ornaments, and as such have their 
local fashion. 
There may be other differences with other 
implements and industries, but they are of 
degree rather than of kind. I may fairly 
stand by the proposition that there will be 
found as great differences between the 
primitive or prehistoric industries, for ex- 
ample between those of the Atlantic and 
Pacific Coasts of America, between those of 
the United States and Mexico and Central 
America, as will be found between those of 
Europe and America; so, also, will there 
be as much difference between the industries. 
and implements of the dolmen people and 
the lake dwellers, or between those in the 
Scandinavian and the Iberian Peninsulas. 
Basketry may serve as an illustration. 
We have just received, at the U. S. Na- 
tional Museum, a fine collection of primi- 
tive basketry from California, representa- 
