676 
Then they learned of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences, and the influences of that 
institution which had been exerted for so 
much good among the young men in Phila- 
delphia, was extended to them. Member- 
ship was accorded to them in 1815, and two 
years later Lea presented his first paper 
before that body. 
His interest in mineralogy gradually ex- 
tended to geology, and especially to paleon- 
tology, through which he acquired a special 
fondness for fresh-water and land shells, to 
the study of which he devoted first his leisure 
from business and then all of his time. 
The unios were specially attractive to him, 
and his first conchological paper, published 
in 1827, was a description of six new spe- 
cies of that genus. 
From this beginning grew his many pa- 
pers on that particular mollusk until his sep- 
arate articles collected under the title ‘ Ob- 
servations on the Genus Unio,’ 1827-1874, 
formed thirteen quarto volumes, containing 
two hundred and eighty plates. Besides 
the foregoing, he wrote many papers on new 
species of the Strepomatide, Colimacez 
and other forms, indeed, it has been com- 
puted that nearly two thousand new species 
were described by him, of which nearly 
one-half were unios. His entire bibliogra- 
phy includes almost three hundred titles. 
To the few specimens originally collected 
for study were soon added others that were 
sent to him from all over the world, and his 
cabinet, unique of its kind in the world as far 
as the unios were concerned, was bequeathed 
by him to the United States National Mu- 
seum. As a memorial to him it fills the 
large hall of the Smithsonian Institution, 
and to students the fruits of his years of 
devotion to science are ever available, thus 
carrying out in a practical way the injune- 
tion of Smithson’s bequest to found an in- 
stitution for ‘the increase and diffusion of 
knowledge.’ 
Lea’s first love of minerals also followed 
SCIENCE. 
[N.S. Von. X. No. 254. 
him through life, and he formed a valuable 
collection of gem stones. These, like his 
larger cabinet, have found a permanent 
home in the National Museum. His special 
interest in connection with gems was con- 
cerning inclusions in crystals, and upon this 
subject he contributed a number of valuable 
papers. 
The Academy of Philadelphia chose him 
as its president, in 1858, and two years later 
he became president of our Association. 
He lived until 1886, and continued his in- 
terest in science until the last. One of the 
features of the Philadelphia meeting of 1884 
was the reception given by Lea to the visit- 
ing scientists, both from our own Associa- 
tion and from the British Association, at his 
summer home. 
The long struggle of cruel warfare be- 
tween the North and the South prevented 
any meeting of our Association for five years 
subsequent to the gathering in Newport, 
and so it was not until 1866 that the mem- 
bers of the American Association were re- 
united ina meeting held in Buffalo. It was 
a happy coincidence that for that occasion 
a president had been chosen in 1860, who at 
that time was one of the most famous of 
southern scientists, and who, in consequence 
of the fortunes of war, turned his steps north- 
ward to win even greater laurels as presi- 
dent of Columbia University. I refer, of 
course to Frederick Augustus Porter Bar- 
nard, the selection of whom did credit alike 
to the men of science, whether from the 
north or from the south. 
BARNARD. 
Barnard was born in Sheffield, Massachu- 
setts, in 1809, and his ancestors settled in 
New England early in its history.* As a 
*See Memoirs of Frederick A. P. Barnard, D.D..,. 
LL.D., tenth president of Columbia College, by John 
Fulton, New York, 1896. Also Popular Science 
Monthly, Vol. XI., p. 100, and Scientific American, 
Vol. LVIII., p. 327, May 25, 1889, both of which con- 
tain portraits. 
