SCIENCE 
EDITORIAL CommitTrer: S. NEwcoms, Mathematics; R. S. WoopWARD, Mechanics; E. C. PICKERING, 
Astronomy; T. C. MENDENHALL, Physics; R. H. THurston, Engineering; IRA ReEMsEN, Chemistry; 
J. LE Contr, Geology; W. M. Davis, Physiography; Henry F. OsBorN, Paleontolozy ; W. K. 
Brooks, C. Hart MgeRRIAM, Zoology; 8S. H. ScuppDER, Entomology; C. E. Brssry, N. L. 
Britton, Botany; C. S. Minot, Embryology, Histology; H. P. BowpircH, Physiology; 
J..S. Brztrines, Hygiene; J. MCKEEN CATTELL, Psychology; 
J. W. POWELL, Anthropology. 
Fripay, NovemMBer 17, 1899. 
CONTENTS: 
The Early Presidents of the American Association, 
III. (with plate): Dr. Marcus BENJAMIN... 705 
The Classification of Botanical Publications: PRo- 
FESSOR WILLIAM TRELEASE............00eeeeee0e 713 
On the Cause of the Dark Lightning Effect: PRo- 
HH SSOR PMV Vici OOD sarceenesieisrleslaticiseeciaiselntt/s(eleo a 717 
Architectural Plans for the University of California : 
PROFESSOR WILLIAM CAREY JONES...........+ 721 
The Fossil Field’s Expedition to Wyoming : CHARLES 
SCHUCHUORT wtaranesstaeee sea iatiascctrensestionsseces 725 
Scientific Books :— 
The ‘ Theta-Phi Diagrams’: PROFESSOR R. H. 
THURSTON. Siéill’s Alternating Currents of 
Electricity ; Moffett’s Alternate Currents in Prac- 
tice: PROFESSOR W. 8S. FRANKLIN. Labbé’s 
Sporozoa: Dr. GARY N. CALKINS. Kiiken- 
thal’s Leitfaden fiir das zoologische Praktikum: 
_ Henry F. NAcHTRIEB. Books Received......... 728 
Scientific Journals and Articles........6.seecseseceecees 734 
Societies and Academies :— 
The New York Academy of Sciences.—Section of 
Astronomy and Physics: DR. WM. S. Day. 
Section of Geology and Mineralogy: DR. ALEXIS 
A. JULIEN. The Chemical Society of Washing- 
ton: Dr. WM. H. Krue. Onondaga Academy 
of Science: H.W. BRITCHER..............000.0005 735 
Discussion and Correspondence : 
Color Association with Numerals: DR. EDWARD 
(St, IBI@TEIDISIN scsnouoscogobb0ndsioopocd pong anaodeboBsoHpdonnan® 738 
The Wagner Free Institute of Science and Professor 
Dall: Tuomas L. MONTGOMERY .............00-+ 738 
The Carnegie Institute: - HARLAN I. SMITH........ 739 
PNUCOROU, CS JRO snooconoooepopododedanspadenbedodocuapbonoscd 739 
Scientific Notes and News........+..00..sssceecessessenee oe TAL 
University and Educational News.......0.c0cccccee cence 743, 
MSS. intended for publication and books, etc., intended 
for review should be sent to the responsible editor, Profes- 
sor J. McKeen Cattell, Garrison-on-Hudson, N. Y. 
THE EARLY PRESIDENTS OF THE AMERI- 
CAN ASSOCIATION.* 
III. 
GOULD. 
Gould + was born in Boston in 1824, and 
was graduated with honors at Harvard 
twenty years later. He then went abroad 
and for four years studied under the most 
distinguished astronomers of Europe, but 
chiefly under the great Gauss, in Gottingen, 
where he received his doctor’s degree. 
In 1848 he returned to Boston, and there 
—a little more than half a century ago— 
began the publication of the Astronomical 
Journal, the first and still the only distinct 
periodical of that science devoted to original 
investigation in this country. 
Then came his valuable connection with 
the Coast Survey, during which he had 
charge of the longitude determinations, and 
subsequent to the laying of the Atlantic 
cable in 1866, he connected the two con- 
tinents by precise observations. These first 
determinations of transatlantic longitude 
by telegraph were the means of establish- 
ing a connected series of longitude meas- 
urements from the Ural Mountains to New 
* Address of the Vice-President and Chairman of 
Section I of The American Association for the Ad- 
vancement of Science, Columbus Meeting, August, 
1899. 
+See sketch with engraved portrait on wood in 
Popular Science Monthly, Vol. XX., p. 683. March, 
1882. 
