724 
ward till it reaches the steep ascent of the 
hills. The Library and Administration 
Buildings thus form a connection between 
the more public and the more private por- 
tions of the University. 
The next sub-group is comprised of the 
principal college buildings, which we may 
call the College Hall or the Hall of the Hu- 
manities, two of the dormitories, the campus 
and the gymnasium. This occupies the space 
on the grounds which has the greatest 
breadth. It is monumental in character. The 
vast College Hall provides for philosophy, 
jurisprudence, history and political science, 
and ancient and modern literatures. This is 
treated as the centre of intellectual activity, 
and is marked by a dominating tower. 
South of this College Hall is the exten- 
sive campus flanked first by two dormi- 
tories, then the Tribunes and closed on the 
south by the Gymnasium. The Gymnasium 
has attracted much attention, because M. 
Bénard chose it as the building in which 
to show the details called for in the pro- 
gramme of the competition. 
The next sub-group lying east of the last, 
contains the departments of physics, me- 
chanics, chemistry and military. These 
stretch along a plateau which will place 
them above the roofs of the college hall and 
other buildings of that group. 
These groups of buildings, with some 
others to be mentioned later, cover the 
more gentle slopes of the site. We now 
come toa steep ascent. Near the bottom 
of this slope, above a garden, M. Bénard 
has placed two dormitories, and above 
these, a group comprising Zoology, Botany, 
Geology and Mineralogy and a Natural His- 
tory Museum. And aboveall, crowning the 
landscape is the Astronomical Observatory. 
In M. Bénard’s scheme the building for 
Mathematics and Draughting is placed in a 
triangular spot behind the School of Fine 
Arts and adjacent to Civil Engineering, 
which is placed behind the Library. The 
SCIENCE, 
[N. S. Vou. X. No. 255. 
Mining Building balances the Civil Engi- 
neering, by being placed behind the Admin- 
istration Building. The Agricultural De- 
partment is placed in a field north of the 
main College Hall and increases the breadth 
of that magnificent group. 
Now, it is to be said, that the location of 
the scientific departments will require in 
many cases to be changed or transposed. 
As they stand they indicate a fine concep- 
tion on the part of M. Bénard, surrounding, 
buttressing and extending the educational 
domain. But he had naturally failed to 
observe the connection of related depart- 
ments. Owing, however, to the flexibility of 
the plan, there will not be the slightest diffi- 
culty in making the modifications required. 
Every building in the whole scheme is 
designed with a view to its use. The ex- 
terior architecture is simple or more or less 
ornate according to the purpose of the build- 
ing. Each one asserts its identity by its 
appearance. Interiorily, again, they are 
arranged with the utmost precision in the 
ways indicated by the program. Lecture 
hall, laboratory, corridor, class-room, study, 
are all brought into proper relation. 
With all the great number of buildings, 
and the size of them, there is no crowding. 
The two large spaces, the natural park and 
the campus, attest this. Besides, there are 
great longitudinal avenues, each with four 
rows of trees, and a third paralle] avenue, 
four main cross avenues and numerous 
smaller streets and walks. The circulation 
is complete. Foliaged nooks and gardens 
abound. The whole scheme looks as free 
and open from a point of view of nature as 
it appears monumental from a point of view 
of architecture. M. Bénard has kept in 
mind, or has conceived unalterably, that he 
was designing a university, but that this 
university wasa City of Learning. 
WitiiAM Carry JONES. 
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
