SCIENCE 
EDITORIAL CommittEE: S. NEwcoms, Mathematics; R. S. WooDWARD, Mechanics; E. C. PICKERING, 
Astronomy; T. C. MENDENHALL, Physics; R. H. THURSTON, Engineering; IRA REMSEN, Chemistry; 
J. LE ContTE, Geology; W. M. Davis, Physiography; HENRY F. OSBORN, Paleontology ; W. K. 
Brooks, C. HART MERRIAM, Zoology; 8. H. ScupDER, Entomology; C. E. Bressry, N. L. 
BRITTON, Botany; C.S. Minot, Embryology, Histology; H. P. BowpitcH, Physiology; 
J. 8. Brnuines, Hygiene ; J. MCKEEN CATTELL, Psychology; 
J. W. PowkELL, Anthropology. 
Fripay, DECEMBER 29, 1899. 
CONTENTS: 
Scientific Thought in the Nineteenth Century : 
FESSOR WILLIAM NORTH RICE............-0..006+5 945 
Results of the Second Bottegd Expedition into East- 
ern Africa: DR. P. L. SCLATER.................+ 
On the Chemical Nature of Enzymes: DR. OSCAR 
951 
Astronomy in the First Half of the Nineteenth Cen- 
tury: PROFESSOR TRUMAN HENRY SAFFORD.. 962 
The Electric Fish of the Nile: PROFESSOR FRANCIS 
(CICHNETET sqooncoqnouncecqcéedEojopsaKooocsondonseabsocaso S605 963 
Scientific Books :— 
Franklin and Williamson on the Elements of Al- 
ternating Currents: DR. CHARLES P. STEIN- 
METZ. Barr on the Kinematics of Machinery: 
Proressor R. H. THuRsTON. Hutton on Dar- 
winism and Lamarekism: PROFESSOR CHAS. 
W. Harairr. Weber's Growth of Cities in the 
Nineteenth Century: Dr. W. F. WILLOUGHBY. 
Scientific Journals and Articles..........00ccceeeeereeeees 969 
Societies and Academies :— 
The Nebraska Academy of Sciences: PROFES- 
SOR LAWRENCE BRUNER. Washington Chem- 
ical Society: DR. WILLIAM H. Krua. New 
York Section of the American Chemical Society : 
DR. DURAND WoopMAN. Torrey Botanical 
Club: PROFESSOR EDWARD S. BurGEss. The 
Academy of Science of St. Lowis: PROFESSOR 
WALT AMA ISG BVASHirea ste rettnoseacesns sect cesses 969 
Discussion and Correspondence :— 
Dark Lightning: PROFESSOR ARTHUR W. 
CLAYDEN. Sociology and Psychology: Hiram 
fo SHUN Ze coogosoncdoconboocsadeqnadoscso0n 3005 Seed090 973 
Notes on Inorganic Chemistry : 
JEGRAD, IBOUTREN cobecoocbod  asabonedsodadenesGo008 
The Stockholm Fisheries Conference 
Devonian Fishes for the American Museum : 
PRO- 
FESSOR BASHFORD DEAN..........:20esceceeeeeeceeee 978 
The Spelling of ‘ Puerto Rico’: 
FILL » pacaccoonsboonsacdaconasoduoodeoseddosdbadanHEeBe asco 978 
Scientific Notes and News............. . -- 978 
University and Educational News............00.c0es0e00 984 
M88. intended for publication and books, etc., intended 
for review should be sent to the responsible editor, Profes- 
sor J. McKeen Cattell, Garrison-on-Hudson, N. Y. 
SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT IN THE NINETEENTH 
CENTURY.* 
Iv is an interesting fact that the life of 
our Association is almost coextensive with 
that nineteenth century of Christian civili- 
zation which is now drawing to a close. In 
intellectual, as in physical phenomena, we 
are tempted to overestimate the magnitude 
of near objects and to underestimate that 
of distant ones; but science and art tend 
to advance with accelerated velocity, and 
we are undoubtedly right in ranking the 
achievements of our age in science and its 
applications as far greater than those of any 
previous century. 
When our predecessors assembled a hun- 
dred years ago to organize this Academy, 
they could avail themselves of no other 
means of transportation than those which 
were in use before the time of Homer. If 
the distances over land were too great for 
convenient walking, they were carried or 
drawn by horses. If they had occasion to 
cross bodies of water, they used oars or 
sails. We have been brought to our desti- 
nation to-day by the forces of steam and 
electricity. 
The harnessing of these mighty forces for 
man’s use has transformed not only the 
modes of transportation, but the processes 
of production of all kinds of commodities. 
* Address at the Centennial Celebration of the 
Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, October 
11, 1899. 
