124 Sioux City Academy of Science and Letters. 
the vast influence of the Fourteenth Amendment to the 
constitution. This provides, among other things, that: 
“No state shall make or enforce any law which shall 
abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the 
United States, nor shall any state deprive any person of 
life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor 
deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protec 
tion of the laws.” This provision, adopted for the pro- 
tection of the freedmen of the south, has been the means 
of adding, to an astounding degree, to the power of the 
general government and especially to that of the judicial 
branch. For whenever any rule of taxation, or any law 
for the control of corporations or any statute for the regu- 
lation of its own affairs, is adopted and sought to be en- 
forced by any state, the corporation, (held to be a “per- 
son” as well as a citizen), aggrieved, or the individual 
concerned flees to the United States courts on the 
ground that there is a federal question involved; so that 
questions arising under the Fourteenth Amendment 
make up one of the most important titles of the law. 
In addition to these questions, there has been a rapid 
growth of jurisdiction under the head of the exercise of 
the power of injunction, so that “government. by injunc- 
tion” is an important political question. Exerted in 
labor disputes largely, and emanating to a great extent 
from the Federal Courts, because of the fact that corpo- 
rations which are non-residents of the state where the 
causes of action arise are usually involved, this exten- 
sion of the use of the extraordinary writ of injunction 
has made many fear for the liberties of the people. 
Under it men are imprisoned for violation of the 
mandates of courts, instead of statutes, and that in cases 
to which they have never been made parties by any ser- 
vice of process. Be this right or wrong, it is certainly 
important. The point made here is that this momentous 
development of government is largely Federal, is exerted 
in modes which can be controlled only under the consti- 
tution, and therefore should be considered as enhancing 
the importance of the power of amendment. 
The case then stands thus: A constitution which 
was adopted as the basis of a government exceedingly 
limited in its functions, and affecting the people only 
slightly more nearly than our treaties with foreign gov- 
