The Immortal Soul of My Dog. 75 



systematically followed by specialists, and the increase 

 of our knowledge concerning- this organ has kept pace 

 with the wonderful advance of our discoveries in all 

 branches of natural science. The brain specialist can 

 now locate the seat of trouble in the brain by the actions 

 of the patient. Its surface has been nearly all mapped 

 out and the centers of perception by the five senses are 

 clearly known. Now having this knowledge of the phys- 

 iology of our own brain, when we find in the animals 

 below man precisely the same nervous system with its 

 brain so closely resembling that of man, must we not, 

 if w^e have any regard for all these wonderful analogies, 

 say that accompanying that animal brain there must be 

 the same kind of mind that we possess? I believe no 

 candid person, not prejudiced by superstition and dogma, 

 can know these facts and then deny that these placental 

 mammals, having nervous systems and brains so similar 

 in every detail to ours, must also possess minds of the 

 same kind as ours, differing only in degree. It is hard 

 for us to avoid comparing the minds of the animals be- 

 low us with our own, forgetting the vast difference be- 

 tween our mind and that of the lowest races of men now 

 living. There is vastly more difference between the 

 mind of our most cultured and educated man of today 

 and the mind of an Indian, Veddah or Australian Negro 

 than there is between the mind of this lowest human 

 being and that of the ape. There is more difference in 

 the weight of brain in the highest and lowest men than 

 there is between that of the lowest man and the highest 

 primate below man. I believe that no one at present 

 Avould presume to draw an arbitrary line across this long 

 development of mind and brain and say that on one side 

 of such a line was mind or soul and on the other side 

 absence of the same attributes. In all our human ex- 

 perience we find mind and body Indissolubly linked to- 

 gether. Shall we deny the same kind of mind to the 

 same kind of physical apparatus because it is found in 

 the body of the dog, horse, elephant or ape? I can see 

 no just reason for such action on our part. 



I have thus far spoken of mind only in connection 

 with those animals possessing a nervous system and 



