98 SioKx City Academy of Science and Letters. 



Among- the stone finds is a pecked stone, oblong, 

 with the ends flattened by pecking and battering, used 

 for polishing and grinding, and might have been sewn 

 into a skin and used as the modern policeman uses his 

 slungshot. 



There are celts of many shapes and sizes. Some of 

 the instruments so called are no doubt agricultural im- 

 plements and tools for various purposes, but not know- 

 ing what else to call them the archeologists have called 

 them "celts." Some of them are pecked and unpolished. 

 The others are rubbed and polished to a high degree. 

 The latter were used in the hand, while the rough ones 

 had handles. This is why the rough ones are thought 

 to be used for other i3urposes than what the celt was 

 used for. A peculiarity of the ones found is that thej 

 are made in two different forms; that is, one form where 

 the blade has been worked down from both sides, as in 

 the ax, while the other is worked down from one side, 

 leaving the blade on the other side. This latter style 

 was fastened at the proper angle on a strong stick and 

 used as the modern carpenter uses his plane, only that 

 the ]Dlane in this case was usually stationary. 



It should be remarked here that it is difficult to 

 distinguish where the celt leaves off and some of the 

 other tools and implements begin, such as the spade, hoe, 

 scrapers and many other instruments that the original 

 use of which was intended for something else. Then 

 again, a notch or groove would change altogether the 

 character of the instrument, and that which was a celt 

 or a scraper would become an altogether different tool. 

 Some of the finds are of incomplete instruments, and we 

 may only guess what they might have been in their fin- 

 ished state. Celts were used for many puri^oses and in 

 many ways. The principal use to which they were put, 

 was the skinning of animals and the preparation of the 

 skins for tanning. They could be used as wedges in 

 splitting logs, and they could be set in a handle and used 

 as a light ax, war hatchet, spade, hoe, etc. 



The use of bone for domestic tools and implements 

 has been very general among the American Indians at 

 all times. They are found in their oldest remains and 



