68 DESCRIPTION OF THE STRATA. 



Keldhead near Pickering, the river Costa rises up from the earth at 

 once. At Brompton a similar volmne of water issues from the oolite, 

 and is collected at its very source into a large mill-pond, so that it 

 drives a mill in descending from the ledge of rocks out of which it 

 springs. Phenomena of the same kind are observed at Ebberston, 

 and other places. 



These cavernous hills not only absorb their own waters, but 

 swallow up the rivers and streams which pass through their intervals 

 from the hills beyond them ; for these currents, on reaching the lime- 

 stone beds in their channels, sink down into the fissures, through 

 which they flow under ground till they arrive at the valley, when they 

 burst up again, like new springs, forming a part of the chain of springs 

 surrounding the valley. Yet a channel is left above ground also, to 

 convey the surplus waters, which the subterraneous channel, in some 

 parts of the year, is incapable of admitting. The Rye sinks a little 

 above Helmsley, and rises at a small distance from its proper channel, 

 about a mile below. The Riccal disappears about a mile above the 

 new bridge on the Helmsley and Kirkby Moorside road, and rises at 

 Haram, a mile below, a few yards from its channel. Hodge beck 

 descends into the rock, a few paces below Holme Caldron mill, near 

 Kirkdale church; and bursts up again in the frightful basin of How- 

 keldhead, on the south side of the road, a mile west of Kirkby Moor- 

 side, and about a quarter of a mile east of its channel. The Dove, 

 or Dow, sinks about twenty yards below Yawdwath mill, and after 

 running nearly half a mile under ground, resumes its old channel 

 about a furlong above Keldholm bridge. Hutton beck, or Catter beck, 

 disappears about a mile north of Catter bridge, on the Kirkby Moor- 

 side and Pickering road, and starts up again about half a mile below. 

 In like manner, the Seven is swallowed up a little above Sinnington, 

 and reappears in its own channel, not all at once, but by successive 

 risings, between Sinnington and Normanby. Thus, in skirting the 



