64: Lieut. R. G. Wardlaw-Ramsay’s 
In the Kurrum valley, which is separated from the Hariab 
only by the small spur of the Peiwar, P. montanus is the 
common Sparrow; at least such was the case in July, only a 
few Passer indicus being visible. 
(707) PassER SALICICOLA. 
Passer hispaniolensis, Temm. Man. dOrn. 1. p. 353 
(1820). 
Passer salicicola (Vieill.), apud Jerdon, B. of Ind. ui. p. 
364. 
In the Tweeddale collection is a magnificent specimen, 
labelled Asia Minor, 12th May, which has the black of the 
upper surface descending over the rump onto the tail-coverts. 
This, I take it, must be the full breeding-plumage ; but all my 
Afghan specimens which were shot in the same month agree 
with a Spanish specimen in having the rump and upper tail- 
coverts brown. Further, the Asia-Minor skin has the bar 
on the lesser wing-coverts pure white, as well as the striations 
on the back, while the Afghan birds and the Spanish one 
above mentioned have the same parts creamy white (see also 
Hume, Ibis, 1868, p. 240). 
I am under the impression that the female of P. salicicola 
may always, or nearly so, be distinguished from the female 
of P. indicus by its greater size and more massive bill. 
P. salicicola, female, has also the back not so rufous, and 
has a large but faint black patch on the throat. During the 
months of May and June, when I used to shoot sometimes a 
dozen in an afternoon, I have never found any difficulty in 
separating the females of the two species. 
Another way in which the two may be distinguished (in 
addition to Mr. Hume’s distinctions, loc. cit.), which I have 
omitted above, is that in P. salicicola not only the shafts 
of the feathers of the lower tail-coverts are dusky, but also 
a large portion of either web, forming an arrow-headed patch, 
whilst in P. indicus, female, the shaft only is dusky. 
(710) Passer MONTANUS (Linn.). 
Kurrum valley. Not observed in Hariab. 
