Mr. H. Seebohm on the Ornithology of Siberia. 191 
form occurs between this and C. leucogaster, Bonap., the 
extreme type of which has the underparts white throughout. 
In Europe three subspecies have apparently established them- 
selves :—C. melanogaster, Brehm, in the north, in which 
the dark parts are intensified in colour and a shade of rufous 
is observable on the head and nape; C. aguaticus, Bechst, in 
Central Europe, in which the rufous shade appears on 
the belly also; and C. albicollis, Vieill., in Southern Europe, 
in which the head and nape are paler brown than in the typical 
species. 
TuRDUs opscuRus, Gmel. 
Dr. Theél informed me that he obtained a specimen of this 
Thrush as far north as lat. 68°. 
Turpus siprricus, Pall. 
Dr. Theél informed me that the great breeding-place of 
this beautiful and rare Thrush is in the neighbourhood of 
Toor-o-kansk’, about lat. 66°. He did not observe it further 
north than E-gar'-ka, in lat. 67°. 
Turpus Musicus, Linn. 
Mr. Kibort has sent me both adult and young in first 
plumage of the Song-Thrush. From the presence of the 
latter we may, I think, safely infer that this bird breeds near 
Kras-no-yarsk’. I am not aware of any instance on record 
of any Thrush migrating before moulting. 
RvticiLLa PHE@NIcuRuS (Linn.). 
Mr. Kibort has sent me a skin of the Common Redstart 
from the neighbourhood of Kras-no-yarsk’'—a male in 
breeding-plumage; so that no doubt can now attach to the 
easterly range of this species. 
CyYaNECULA suEciIca (Linn.). 
Mr. Kibort has sent me a skin of this species, from Kras- 
no-yarsk’, in the spotted plumage of the young before 
migration, whence I conclude that the Bluethroat occa- 
sionally breeds as far south as lat. 56°. 
