State of the Systema Avium. 343 
of Sundevall’s ‘Tentamen’*, the Coracomorphee of Huxley ; 
but I see no reason why we should not retain for them the 
old Linnean name of Passeres. 
There are still several forms regarding which their collo- 
cation in the Passeres thus understood is a matter of dispute. 
These are mainly as follows :— 
1. Upupa. Sundevall places Upupa near the Larks, at 
the commencement of his second series of Oscines (the 
“Oscines scutelliplantares”’), with which it agrees in the 
structure of the plantar scutes (‘Tentamen, p.55). Nitasch 
associates Upupa with Buceros and Alcedo in his family Li- 
poglossze of the Picariz. There can be no longer any ques- 
tion, I think, that the latter view is correct, and that Upupa 
is more nearly allied to the Bucerotide than to any other 
group. Some of the thin-billed Bucerotide of the genus 
Toccus even resemble Upupa in habit and external appearance. 
The palate of Upupa at once shows that it is no Passerine 
birdt. Next to the Upupide must come also the small 
African group Ivrisoridz, as was first suggested by Strick- 
land, and has been amply shown by Dr. Murie in his excel- 
lent dissertation on the Upupidee and their relationships f. 
2. EHurylemus. The Eurylemide were placed by Gray and 
most of the older authors near the Kingfishers and Motmots, 
i. e. outside the Passeres, as now restricted. Mr. Wallace, I 
believe, first started the idea that they are the representatives 
of the Cotingide in the Old World, and has thus arranged 
them in his ‘Geographical Distribution’§. There is now 
no doubt that the Eurylemide are truly Passerine, as I 
pointed out in this Journal in 1872, from an examination of 
the sternum||, and as Mr. Garrod subsequently confirmed 
from the form of the palate, although they are singularly 
divergent from all other known Passeres in having the flexor 
* In Sundevall’s former arrangement (Orn. Syst. 1886) they were 
denominated Volucres, and divided into two main groups, Passeres and 
Oscines. 
t+ Cf. Huxley, P. Z.S. 1867, p. 447. 
t Ibis, 1878, p. 181. § 
| Ibis, 1872, p. 177. q 
