fertility. It is incoiiceiva.ble to the v.-rlter ako that crea.- 

 tures 60 much alike as the most diverse races ol men could 

 ha.v& been evolved fi'om separate stock. The likenesses are 

 too great to be merely aecidcntal or the product of similar 

 influences. 



Therefore, though many of tlio gi^eatest Ethnologistis 

 think otherwise, we beg leaa-e to- as'sume that all mankind 

 came from one couple. - 



Now mankind existed in the quaternary epoch little 

 different from what the race is to-day. If we asisume an 

 evolution froin an earlier forin of animal, that' evolution 

 must have taken place in the Pliocene times, or probably 

 earlier. Man, as we first behold hiin, Paleolithic man, as 

 shown by the scanty remains that have come down to us, 

 was probably very little different from the man of to-day. 



Paleolithic Man. 



In various parts of the world, chiefly in Europe, and 

 generally in caves, we find remains of a primitive race — so 

 primitive that they had no weapons or instruments shaped 

 for tlieir use, not even spears or bows and arrows. They 

 used at first just hard stones, generally flints with sharp 

 edges, but they could not chip or shape these stones them- 

 selves. It was my privilege to be in Montono once when 

 such a cave was opened, and I show you a few of these 

 primitive injstrinnents that I gathered Ihero. I found oiit 

 'aiftticrwards that they constituted a> collection identical 

 with that that the British Museum uses to illustrate the 

 beginnings of civilization. • 



In a^ great many parts of Europe we find human re^ 

 mains asisociated with lx)ues of prehistoric animals, cave 

 wolf, bear, rhinosceros, mammoth sabre tooth tiger, etc. 

 One of the earliest of these specimens, found in 185G, near 

 Stuttgart, in a cave in the Neander Valley, is a skull of 

 peculiar type which has given a name to what seems to be 

 a separate race of mankind. It is a very low skull with 

 prominent projections over the eyes and nose, low retreating 



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