foruliead and long narrow head. Other Kimilar liuds seem 

 to point to a. race of short, very mu&culajr me-n with retreat- 

 ing foreheads and chins, and prominent ja,ws. 



Many scientists have considered this race to be one step 

 in the procesrs^ of evolution, and asserted that the Neander-^ 

 thai man was of a very low mental order, and that later 

 races are evolved from him. Others assert that the 

 Neanderthal race entii-ely disappeared and left no descend- 

 ants. 



De Quatrefages claims that there are in Europe to-day 

 men of just this type, and I myself think I have seen such 

 men. De Quatrefages thinks that the descendants of this 

 race are a part of our present populations, but in opposition 

 to the evolution theor3% he asserts that this type is not 

 mentally inferior. In fact, he mentions as good samples of 

 the type a number of men of more than usual ability and 

 some quite able scientists. 



So I think I may say that it is^ not at all proved that 

 the Nanderthal man is a lower step in the process of evolu- 

 tion. 



Those Paleolithic men were probably spread all over 

 the vfirld. The date of their first appearance is varioursly 

 estimated say from 10,000 to 700,01)0 years ago. Aiid in this 

 immense time there is no e"\idenco (I think) of evolutionary 

 development. Hc.v long ego, therefore, must have been 

 our first human ancestors. 



One authority points out that the character of the abor- 

 iginal Australians is very similar to that of the Neanderthal 

 man, and thinks that this race results fi-oin mixture of this 

 old Paleolithic with other races. 



Neolithic Man. 



la any case, whether the Paleolithic race was all swept 

 away, or whether it remained as part of the later, and even 

 of the present population, there seems to have been an 

 abrupt change at the dose of Paleolithic times. It seem.s 

 as it the old race had disappeared, possibly driven south by 



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