As regards Typhoid Fever we loiow that per-eoiis who 

 have suffered from this disease act as can-iers of the in- 

 fection for many years^ — bacilH are excreted from urine oi' 

 faeces. Frcm 2 to 4% of all eases become chronic car- 

 riers. 



Evidence of such cases lias been eleairly pi-oven in at 

 leaist three persons who liave become notoiious. Tj^plK^id 

 Mar}- — 12 years, Massachusetts — cascv — 30 years (probably 

 a re-infection). Gla&go-w case^ — 10 years. These people 

 went about year after year spreading infection. 



Under the head of carriers inust also be included cer- 

 tain persons who present ambulatory forms of this disease, 

 and also certain others who become infected and yet never 

 develop. These latter may for a time at least be consid- 

 ered as possible caiTiers. 



"Diphtheria earner" should refer tO' people who harbor 

 diphtherial (Kiebs Locffler) bacilli in the nose or throat, 

 although they may or may not bo then ill with the acute 

 disease. 



It is also' of interest to know that employees are not 

 suffering from skin disease or tuberculosis. The mental 

 capacity of the employers is also deserving of some atten- 

 tion, since with these improved methods which are neces- 

 sary in the production of Certified ]\iilk, greater skill will 

 be required by all engaged in handling the same. 



The emj^loyees should be housed in comfortable, sani- 

 tary quarters, and there should be provision for quarantine 

 in case of illness suspected of being of an infectious nature. 



Milk from the udder of a healthy cow is rarely sterile, 

 but with proper methods occasionally it has been removed in 

 small quantities free from micro organisms, and as such has 

 been kept for over two years. This is not the milk of com- 

 merce. Milk while passing through the teats receives its 

 initial contaminations by organisms which have gained ac- 

 cess thereto' from the otitside world. From the time of 



78 



