OF THE TONGUES OF THE MAMMALIA. 517 



Myrmecophaga and Orycteropus. In 2fanis (text-fig. 52) there 

 is a wide, sliallow gi-oove on the flattened anterior part of the 

 tongue. In Orycteropus (text-fig. 52) a fine groove runs along 

 the greater part of the dorsum. And in Myrmecophaga (text- 

 fig. 50) there is a shallow groove behind the circum vallate papillae ; 

 Avhen it is traced forwards it merges into a central strip of the 

 tongue in which the mucosa is thrown into transverse folds. 

 Numerous fine transverse sulci are fovind in these animals and in 

 Tamandua, and Cyclothurus. 



Median ridges are present on the inferior surface of the 

 tongue in Orycterojius and Tatusia. In the former (text-fig. 52) 

 there are three ridges and many transvei'se sulci ; in the latter 

 there is a single ridge. 



In the case of Edentates with long, vermiform, protrusible 

 tongues there are sheaths into which they can be retracted. 

 In text-fig. 52 is shown a corrugated cuff-like sheath in Manis. 



Circumvallate Pajnllce : — The following list summarises the 

 observations made by myself and those recorded by others : — 



Family MYRMECOPHAGlDiE. 



Myrmecophaga juhaia : 2 vallate papillae (Flower, 8 ; and 



self). 

 „ didactyla : 2 vallate papilla; (Carus and 



Otto, 4). 

 Tamandua tetradactyla : 2 vallate papilke (Mayer, 14; 



Miinch, 16) 

 Cyclothurus : 2 vallate papillae. 



Family Dasypouidje. 



Podwisotzky (19) showed how all species have two vallate 

 papilUe, and this has been confirmed by observations of many 

 authors on all known species of Basypus, Tatusia and Toh/peutes. 

 The records have been collected by Oppel (17). 



Family Bradypodid^. 



Bradypus tridactylus : 2 vallate papillfe (Cuvier, 6 ; 

 Sonntag, 25). 



,, „ : 3 vallate papillfe (Mayer, 14). 



,, ,, : 2 vallate papillae (Mayer, 14). 



,, cuculliger : 2 vallate papillae (Briicher, 2). 



Choloepus didactyius : 2 vallate papillae. 

 Ghlamydophorus tricncatus : 2 vallate papillae (Tuckerman, 21 ). 



Family Manid^e. 



Manis pentadactyla : 3 vallate papillae in a triangle 

 (Cams and Otto, 4). 

 „ tetradactyla : 3 vallatepapillaeina triangle (Mayer, 14). 

 ,, ,, : 2 vallate papillae (Oarus and Otto, 4). 



,, javanica : 3 vallate papillae in a triangle. 

 „ „ : 3 vallate papillae in a triangle (Oppel). 



34* 



