OF THE TONGUES OF THE MAMMALIA. 



525 



base as well. The basal papilla3 are large in Centetes and Chryso^ 

 chloi'is. 



"When examined through a hand lens they are seen to be 

 simple in character, having one, two or three points. In Chyso- 

 chloris scoop-shaped forms are present. In many species they are 

 composed entirely of epithelium, which is strongly cornified, the 

 component cells being formed of the strata from the surface down 

 to the Malpighian layer. The different forms are met with in 

 genera of the same family ; thus Oymnura has bifid papillse, but 

 Erinaceus has them divided into three points. So it is evident 

 that the forms are simpler than in animals belonging to all the 

 Orders hitherto considered in this series of papers. 



Text-figure 56. 



C 



The tongue of TaZpa ««roj>«a. A: dorsum; B : under surface ; 

 C : cross-section showing the oval lytta. 



Lateral Organs: — Many authors have described the lateral 

 organs in Erinaceus, and some have stated that these structures 

 are absent in all other genera. With both these remarks I am 

 thoroughly in accord. 



In Mrinaceus europcGUS, according to Mayer (14) and Ginelin (9), 

 the organ consists of two large folds well provided witli taete-buds 

 and fat. In the animal examined by myself (text-fig. 55) the 

 organ varied on both sides. On the right side a fissure, with 

 slightly curved ends, much as in Hydrochoirtis capyhara ; on the 



