526 



dh. c. f. sonntag on the anatomy 



left side the fissure undercut part of the dorsum, thereby 

 prodvicing an overhanging lobe. 



Glands : — I agree with Carlier (3), Oppel (17) and Podwisotzky 

 (19) that the serous glands are very highly developed, and the 

 mucous glands are scanty in Erinaceus. As v^^as mentioned 

 above, serous glands are present even within the vallate papilke in 

 E. europceios. No apical gland of Nuhn exists in any Insectivore. 



The frenuon linguce is short in all Insectivora except Tupaia. 

 And it is line in Erinaceus, but thick in Talpa, Jihynchocyon, etc. 

 In no case is there any ti-ace of frenal lamelke as in the Lemuroid 

 Primates. 



Snblingua :— It has been shown by Owen (18) and Garrod that 

 thei-e is a aublingua in Tujxiia ; Owen described it as a fimbriate 

 ])lica, but Gai'rod described it as resembling that in Cltiromys. 

 Vogt and Yung (24) recoixled tlie presence of a subliiigua in 



Text-figure 57. 



The tongues of Chri/socJtloris trevelyani (A and B) and Ithynchoci/on (C and D). 

 In both cases a third papilla is concealed in the linear groove on the back 

 of the dorsum. 



some Insectivora. I found no trace of the sublingua in Erinaceus, 

 Centetes and Chrysochloris, but it may be i-epi-esented by the 

 median ventral ridge in Talpa and Rhynchocyon. That ridge may 

 correspond to the median crest which is found on the ventral 

 surface of the sublingua in the Marsupialia and Primates. In 

 that case the remainder of this organ has been absorbed into the 

 tongue. 



Lytta: — It has been shown by Nussbaum (28), Oppel (17), 

 Hesse (11), and Ludwig Perdinand, Prince of IJavaria (13), that 

 the lytta is well-developed in Erinaceus exhropceus, Sorex fodiens 

 and Talpa europcea. It is composed of muscle fibres, fat and 

 fibrillar connective tissue, but no cartilaginous elements are 

 present. The histological details are given fully in the papers 

 enumerated above. I observed a very pronounced lytta in 



