CHARACTERS OF THE CAMELIH^. 



543 



the lower incisors bite. The two halves of the upper lip hang 

 down on each side of this pad. The upper surface of the nose 

 and tlie area all round the nostrils, which are elongated dilatable 

 slits, are covered with fine short hairs. 



In Lama vicugna and htccmacus* the internarial septum is 

 hairy, and the philtrum is a short area about twice as long as 

 wide when expanded. (Toxt-fig. 39, M, 0.) 



The muzzle of Camelus dromedarius closely resembles that of 



Text-figure 40. ' 



A, Muzzle of CameJns dromedarius with nostrils nearly closed. 



B. Nostrils of tlie same dilated. 



Lama, but is much deeper below the nostrils and has the phil- 

 trum very much longer, Inferiorly, moreover, the philtrum is 

 continued on each side as a narrow strip along the inner edge of 

 the lips, while it is slightly expanded above and abuts against the 

 inner ends of the nostrils. The nostrils are long and valvular, 



* In Lydokker's Catalogue of Ungulates, iv. p. 302, the Iluanaco is cited as 

 Xiama glama hnanacus, on tlie assumption that it is the wild form from which the 

 domesticated Llama and Alpaca were derived. The differences between the wild 

 and the tame animals are, however, too well marked to warrant the unqualified 

 acceptance of that opinion. The Llama, indeed, majr represent a species wholly 

 reclaimed from the wild state. 



