CUARACTERS OF THE CAMEHDiE. 545 



The Ears. 



The ears of Lama ai-e long, narrow, and pointed *. On their 

 inner surface they are strengthened by two longitudinal ridgefi. 

 The posterior of these is slightly oblique, and does not descend 

 inferiorly into the posterior portion of the ear. The anterior is 

 straighter, and inferiorly rises close to the basal thickening, 

 which forms a rounded prominence. This thickening is pierced 

 below by the auditory orifice. These ears are remarkably like 

 tho.se of the typical Rximinant Artiodactyla. (Text-fig. 41, 0.) 



The ear of Cavielus dromedarius is much shorter and Avider 

 and less fi-eely movable on the head than that of Lama. The two 

 internal ridges are soft, low, and short, and probably little more 

 than functionless vestiges of those present in Lama. The basal 

 prominence is tolerably similar to that of Lama, but at its upper 

 extremity there is a deep transverse groove cutting ofi" a ridge, 

 the position and structure of which suggest its homology with 

 the supratragus of normal mammals. The posterior extremity of 

 the ridge turns upwards behind the base of the anterior of the 

 two soft ridges above mentioned. -(Text-fig. 41, D.) 



The Feet. 



In T^ama the feet are long and narrow, each of the digits 

 being provided with an elongated cushion-like pad, rounded 

 behind and narrowed in front, where it runs into the small, 

 somewhat nail-like hoof. Distally the digits are capable of being 

 widely separated by a deep cleft between them. Behind this cleft 

 the soles are united, but the extent of their fusion varies to a 

 certain degree. In an example of Z. glama the fusion was so 

 complete as to obliterate superficially all trace of the line of 

 junction. But in L. vicugna there was a tolerably deep, wide, 

 and long groove between them. A similar but shallower and 

 narrower groove separated the heels in an Alpaca ; and in this 

 animal the cleft between the digits extended half-way along 

 the soles, whereas in L. glama and L. vicugna the interdigital 

 cleft was shorter. On the upper side of the foot there is 

 a long, deep, interdigital depression lined with glandular integu- 

 ment, secreting a waxy substance smelling like the urine of 

 Mus mnscidus. In L, vicugna and Z. glama the floor and sides 

 of this depression were naked, but in an Alpaca they wei'o clothed 

 with hair for the most part, only the distal edge of the depression 

 being naked on both fore and hind foot. On the latter the 

 proximal deepest portion, where the skin is most active, was also 

 naked, whereas on the fore foot the corresponding spot was 

 clothed with short radiating hairs. (Text-figs. 42, 43.) 



In the Proceedings of this Society for 1916, p. 748, 1 described 

 and figured the two metatarsal glands of Lama vicugna. The 



* In the tlomesticatod races, but not in the wild species, the tips of the ears are 

 typically at all events, curved slightly f grwards. 



