662 DR. R. BROOM ON THE STRUCTURE OF TUE SKULL 



wliethei" the reference is correct. Nothing was known of the 

 affinities of the form until many years hater. 



In 1879 Owen described under the nsime Titanosuchus fer ox 

 some jaw fragments that had been discovered by Mr. T. Bain. 



Many years earlier, fragmentary remains of reptiles which we 

 now know are allied to the South African Dinocephalians weie 

 described from the Permian rocks of Russia. Seeley in 1888 

 visited Russia, examined the specimens described, and figured 

 two genera represented by fair skulls — Beuterosaurus and Rhopa- 

 lodon. In 1892 he described the first good skull of a South 

 African Dinocephalian — a skull in the Cape Town Museum 

 collection, — which he named Delphhwgnalhus conocephalus, and 

 he founded the order Dinocephalia for the reception of this form 

 and Tapinocephalits. 



For many years nothing futther was added to our knowledge 

 of the Dinocephalia. When in London in 1909 I examined 

 some specimens which had been in the Seeley collection. The 

 most important was a very fine skull of a large Tapino- 

 cephaloid reptile, which I referred to Tapinocephalus aiherstonei, 

 and of which I gave figures. Another important specimen was 

 the top of the head of a Titanosuchid, which I refeired to 

 Titanosuchus ferox. In 1910 I gave a re-description of Delphino- 

 gnathus. Between 1911 and 1915 in various papers I gave 

 figures and descriptions of the skull and the principal bones 

 of the skeleton of the small Dinocephalian, Moschops capensis. 

 From imperfect remains I had previously described a considerable 

 number of Dinocephalians — Eccasaurus priscus, Pelosuchus 

 priscus, and Taurops macrodon of the Tapinocephaloid group, and 

 Archceosuchus cairncrossi, Titanosuchiis cloetei, and Scapanodon 

 diiplessisi of the Titanosuchid group, 



In 1914 Watson described fully all the material in the British 

 Museum. TMie skull which 1 had i-eferred to Tapinocephalus 

 atherstonei he believed to be a now genus and species, and named 

 it Jfor'i)iosau7'U3 seeleyl. A second impei-fect skull lie called 

 Pnigalion oioeni. A third very imperfect skull he nnmed Lamia- 

 saurics neiotoni. This third skull has a snout of the Titanosuchid 

 type, but an occiput rather of the Tapinocephaloid type ; and 

 when in 1914 I examined the specimens in the British Museum, 

 I could not feel at all satisfied that the snout belonged to the 

 occiput. I am therefore pleased to see in Watson's pnper on the 

 Theriodontia (1921) that he also recognized there may be an 

 error in referring the snout and occiput to the same animal. To 

 avoid confusion it will be well to regard the snout as the type of 

 Lamiasatirus newtoni. Watson refigured the top of the skull of 

 the Titanosuchid which I had referred to Titanosuchiis ferox, 

 adding the premaxilla, which he found belonged to it. In 1921 

 he gave new restorations of the skull of Rhopalodon fischeri, and 

 finding further fragments of tlie supposed TitayiomcJius skull, 

 discovered that it belonged to a distinct type which he named 

 Anteosaurus viagnificus. 



