130 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1888. 



spear and lance heads (136881), fourteen arrow or lance heads (136880), 

 pounding or crushing stones (136888-136897), one shell necklet, and a 

 few other relics. 



About 20 feet from the cavern a cutting 9 feet in depth was com- 

 menced through what appeared to have been an ancient pond, the de- 

 posit being fine mud washed from the hills. All through this deposit 

 were found weapons and tools, all of a rude type, made from the local 

 rock (Lower Silurian), and a few arrow-tips of flint (nodules of which 

 were found from time to time in tlie bowlder clay). In two places were 

 ancient remains of fire. The pond was about 110 by 90 feet with 9 feet 

 only of depth cut through. 



From this place he obtained what he names rude hammer-stones 

 (136887-136889), polishing stones (136890-136896), pounding or crushing 

 stones (136878, 136903-136907), rude axes more or less notched (136882, 

 136898-136899, 136877), rude lance, spear, and arrow heads (136880- 

 136881. In October and ]N"ovember, 1885, he excavated part of a large 

 cavern at Graigavard, County Down. This he believes to be one of 

 the largest artificial caverns in the north of Ireland which has served 

 as a habitation of the prehistoric man. He believes it to comprise no 

 less than twelve separate chambers. Among the common people this 

 was called the Smugglers' Cave, on account of its supposed use by peo- 

 ple pursuing that branch of business. He found in this cave whistles, 

 needles, awls, bodkins, all made of bone, and over two hundred teeth 

 (136880, 136881), and a quantity of splintered animal bones (136884). 

 In chamber number 4 he came, at a depth of 2 feet, to the ancient floor, 

 which consisted of river gravels thrown over the bowlder clay. On this 

 floor he found a few rude implements of the same type as from Bally- 

 menoch. 



He made excavations in the raised beaches of the neighborhood, and 

 found many implements which he considers modern compared with 

 those from the two caves mentioned. The implements from the caves 

 are made, as he says, from the Lower Silurian and other rocks, while 

 those from the raised beaches are of flint. The cave implements are 

 found at high elevations, but never in raised beach gravel. This he 

 thinks to be a proof of the higher antiquity of these implements. He 

 sends implements from the raised beaches — of flint, thirteen specimens 

 rudely chipped unpolished celts (136910) ; one hundred and six speci- 

 mens rude spear, lance, or arrow heads (136911, 136912), forty-six spec- 

 mens; (136913), seventeen specimens; (136914), fourteen specimens. 

 He also sends scrapers (136915), twenty-one specimens, eight of which 

 are made concave, supposed to have been used for scraping arrow shaf:r, 

 (Figs. 3,4, 5). He sends (136916) what he calls knives and harpoons 

 (136917), and barbs for fish-hooks (136918, Figs. 6, 7, 8), which compare 

 favorably in their appearance with those sketched by Dr. Rau in his 

 " Prehistoric Fishing," page 121. 



