282 



KEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1888. 



illustration. The skill with which huge slabs, rafters, and boards are 

 gotten out with the rough tools employed is surprising. 



Chisels. — A primitive type of chisel is shown in Fig. 78, consisting of 

 a green stone blade mounted in a wooden handle. The blade is similar 

 in shape to those of the adzes. This instrument was 

 used in roughing down the surface, the smoothing being 

 done by scraping with sharp-edged shells or stones, or 

 even by rubbing with shark or dog-fish skin to get a 

 finished surface. 



Brills. — Holes, where drilled, were made by patient 

 digging with a pointed instrument of stone or bone, or 

 by driving in a copper spike and withdrawing it. Joints 

 were made by dovetailing, mortising, tonguing and 

 grooving, or notching and lashing, great ingenuity 

 being shown in avoiding the necessity for pegs or nails. 

 Paintbrushes. — These are shown in all their varieties 

 in Plate xly, A and B, and are well adapted to the 

 neat work demanded of them. Bristles, hair, and vege- 

 table fiber are the materials used for the brush -heads. 

 The handles of those from the northern region are carved 

 with the usual totemic designs. 



Other tools and implements adapted to special uses 

 in their arts and industries will be described in Chapter 

 VII. 



Fig. 78. 

 Chisel. 



(■Emmons Collection. 



WEAPONS OF WAR AND OF THE CHASE. 



Weapo7is. — The principal weapons before the advent 

 of the whites were clubs of wood and stone, bows and 

 arrows, spears with shell, bone, flint, copper, or jade 

 tips, and, above all, the dagger, the constant companion 

 of the Indian of this region. 



Clubs.— These were of wood, of stone, or of stone 

 hafted with wood. The hafted stone clubs were simply 

 industrial implements already described and used for the time being 

 as weapons. A Tsimshiau stone war-club is illustrated in Fig. 122, 

 Plate XXVII. A Tlingit stone war-club in the Emmons Collection, New 

 York is shown in Fig. 119a. It is possible that the slave-killers, shown 

 in Plate xlvi, were also carried as weapons, although no war-clubs of 

 this type are now found in this region. Plate xxviii illustrates a 

 variety of clubs used for different purposes. Fig. 132 is a war-club 

 pure and simple, the others being hunting or fishing implements and 

 used to give the death-blow to seals, sea-otters, or fish after their cap- 

 ture by the different methods explained hereafter. These are all carved 

 either with the totemic design of the owner or a representation of the 

 animal itself. Each club is used distinctly for the purpose of dispatch- 



