THE INDIANS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST. 



287 



bone fore-shaft, the shaft beiug of cedar. In some varieties the barbs 

 are on one side only. Fig. 124, Plate xxvii, represents a bone-headed 

 arrow. Figs. 135 and 136, Plate xxix, are bone spear-heads, but the 

 same shape of smaller size are used for arrows. These are set into a 

 bone or ivory fore shaft similar to the Eskimo arrows. Fig. 125 rep- 

 resents an arrow with a head made of shell. The fore-shafts are of light 

 cedar wood let into the larger shafts. In the Emmons Collection is a 

 black flint arrow-head represented as coming from this region. The 

 style of blunt-headed arrow is shown in Fig. 126. These are generally 

 used for despatching wounded game. Fig. 126a shows One variety of 

 bone arrow-head of this blunt pattern. The tenon at the butt fits into 



Fig. 126a. 

 Bone Abrow-head. 



(Tlingit. Emmons Collection. ) 



Fig. 126&. 

 Bone Aerow-head. 



(Tlingit Indians. Emmons Collection.) 



Fig. 126c. 

 Bone Arrow-head. 



(Tlingit Indians. Emmons Collection.) 



a socket either in the bone fore-shaft or in the cedar shaft itself. 

 Fig. 126& shows another kind, in which the shaft fits into the head 

 itself, where it is secured by means of a tight lashing of twisted bark, 

 cord, or sinew. Fig. 126c shows a third variety, in which a thin tongue 

 or projection on the side of the bone arrow-head lets into a groove on 

 the side of the shaft. Through holes pierced in this tongue and through 

 the head of the arrow-shaft wires are run to attach the head to the 

 shaft. The general types of iron arrow-heads are shown in Figs. 119, 

 120, 121, and 123, Plate xxvii, and 133a, 134a, and 138, Plate xxix. 

 The fore-shafts of 119 and 120 are of bone. Arrows with bone fore- 

 shafts, or bone or ivory sockets on the head of the arrow-shafts, and 

 with detachable heads similar to those used by the Eskimo, are occa- 

 sionally found amongst the Tlingit. The arrows of the southern Indians 

 are in general superior to those of the northern, and of the interior In- 

 dians to those on the coast. 



War sjpears. — The primitive form was a simple wooden pole sharpened 

 and hardened in the fire,. or pointed with copper and later with iron.* 



Bodega y Quadra, quoted in Bancroft, Native Races, Vol. i, p. 104. 



