TTI. 



AETS AND INDUSTRIES— HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS- PAINTING, DRAWING 

 AND CARVING— MUSIC. 



While the Tlingit, Haicla, and Tsimshian are essentially wood car- 

 vers, this is by no means their only talent. Out of the abundance of 

 their resources they have not only adapted wood to their every need, 

 but along with it have developed many other industries. They are, as 

 well, expert carpenters, basket makers, weavers, and metal workers. 

 Their tools are crude, but with them they accomplish the most surpris- 

 ing results. Along with the totemic system, we find the identification 

 of the individual with his totem carried out in the carving or painting 

 of his crest on every article of personal property. The simplest imple- 

 ment or utensil is ornamented with some pictograph relating to the 

 legends of the totem to which he belongs. Tattooed on the body, 

 woven into fabrics, etched on the metal bracelets and ornaments, 

 painted on the house fronts, drawn on the canoe outfits, emblazoned on 

 the household boxes, carved on the huge columns — commemorated in 

 metal, wood, and stonej the totem of the Indian is his earliest and 

 latest care, yet it is all subservient to the ever- recurring struggle to 

 live. In the circuit of the seasons a regular routine of duties is ob- 

 served. In the time not devoted to hunting, fishing, and the procure- 

 ment of food the various arts and industries are practiced. In the 

 summer camp odd hours are spent in cutting down trees, collecting furs, 

 bark, and grasses, roughing out lumber, and in general collecting the 

 raw materials, which, in the winter's leisure, they convert into the 

 various implements, utensils, and finished products for their own use 

 and for trading purposes. 



Raw materials. — Various kinds of grasses are gathered, and after 

 being dried, are dyed and trimmed to finished dimensions. Spruce 

 roots are boiled until they become pliable, beaten with sticks, and the 

 fibres picked into threads. The cedar bark gathered for industrial 

 purposes is from the inside of the outer bark, that for food being 

 scraped from the trunk itself. The former is soaked in water for 

 several days, then beaten to make it pliable enough to enable it to be 

 stripped into shreds. Fig. 179/ is a bone bark-scraper used in removing 

 the bark from trees, in scraping it down, and in the preliminary process 



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