tHE CERAMIC ART IN CHINA. 407 



The YUhang-yao, from the Ylihang district, ia thedepartmeut of Hang- 

 cbou, Chehkiaug province — a kind of celadon, resembling Kuan- 

 yao, but inferior, possessing neither the same crackle nor bril- 

 liancy. 



The Lishuiyao, from Lishui district, in the department of Ch'iichon, 

 Chehkiang province — heavy and thick, resembling in color the 

 Lungch'iiau- {i. e., celadon) ware, but far inferior to it.* 



YUAN DYNASTY, 1260 to 1349. 



Under the Mongol dynasty, the Yiian (1260 to 1349), the manufact- 

 ure of porcelain generally appears to have retrograded. Exceptions, 

 however, must at least be made in favor of that produced for the special 

 use of the emperor. This ware — to judge from the specimens de- 

 scribed by Hsiang Tzii-ching — was white in color, with the ornamenta- 

 tion faintly engraved in the paste. Plates, bowls, etc., are said to have 

 borne the characters shu-fu, "the palace," inscribed on the interior on 

 the foot. Hsiang Tzii-ching t states that this shu-fu porcelain was 

 copied from the Tingchou ware of the ISTorthern Sung dynasty, and the 

 vase in his own collection he considers altogether like a Ting piece in 

 its form, in the color of the paste and in the engraved design. 



The details given by native writers regarding the productions of 

 this period are scanty in the extreme. They mention, however, that 

 at Lungch'iian celadons were produced on the model of the Chang 

 ware, but the clay used was coarse and dry, and failed to give the fine 

 color which had characterized the older productions. 



At Ho-chou, in the Kiangnan province, P'Sng Chiin-pao produced, 

 as already stated, some excellent porcelain, known as New Ting-yao and 

 from the name of the district in which it was produced, Royao or ware 

 of Ho, and closely resembling the older ware from Tingchow. Made 

 from fine, white, plastic clay, it was very thin and c6ladou in color. 

 Other varieties mentioned are: 

 The EsiiancJiou-yao, from the department of that name in Kaingnan 



province, very thin and white in color. 

 The Linc¥uan-yao, from the district of that name in the department of 

 Fuchou, Kiangsi province, was a porcelain made from soft white 

 clay. It was thin, and generally white, with a light yellow tinge ; 

 but some bore flowers coarsely painted. 

 The JSFanfeng-yao, from the district of that name in the department of 

 Chienchang, Kiangsi province, was a somewhat thick porcelain, in 

 many cases ornamented with flowers in blue. These two latter 

 kinds appear to have been very famous under the Yiian dynasty, 

 and to have been much preferred to the productions of Chingte- 

 ch6n. 

 The RuPien-yao, manufactured in the neighborhood of Chingte-chen, 

 was either a yellowish-black, or, if white, had a tint of that color. I 



* Jiilieu: Op. cit., pp. 15>-21. t Julien: Oj). cit, pp. 23, 24, 86. 



t Busliell : Op. cit., No. 21. 



