A STUDY OF PREHISTORIC ANTHROPOLOGY. 607 



Pouchet. Dr. Gosse, of Geneva, was also an earnest and ardent 

 investigator. Mr. John Evans says : 



Indeed it turned out, ou examination, tliat more than one sucli discovery had 

 already been recorded, and that flint implements of similar types to those of Abbe- 

 ville and Aniiens had been found in the gravels of London at the close of the seven- 

 teenth century, and in the brick earth of Hoxne, in Suifolk, at the close of the 

 eighteenth, and were still preserved in the British Museum and in that of the So- 

 ciety of Antiquaries. 



The name ''i)aleolitbic" was given to this period by Sir John Lubbock. 

 It is composed of two Greek words signifying ancient stone. Belong- 

 ing to the stone age, all its cutting implements were, of course, of stone. 

 The method of manufacture was by chipping, and all cutting edges or 

 points were thus made. The man of this period seems not to have 

 known, at least never employed, the method of smoothing or sharpen- 

 ing a stone by rubbing it against or upon another. Bone and horn 

 implements were also made during this period, and in its latter part 

 were apparently greater in numbers than the stone. 



This period belongs entirely to the quaternary (pleistocene) geologic 

 period, and is assumed to have been contemporaneous, in Europe at 

 least, with the formation of the river valleys and the deposit of the 

 gravels therein. The climate of the first epoch is supposed to have 

 been warm and moist ; that it afterwards grew cold, and man in West- 

 ern Europe sought the caves for protection. It is believed by many 

 this period of cold corresponds with the glacial epoch of that country. 



The fauna of the first epoch was composed principally of animals 

 which were extinct before our earliest knowledge of natural history. 

 The Mephas antiquus, a pachyderm, the ancestor of the elephant tribe; 

 Rhinoceros MercMi, Trogontherium, a large beaver, have been found at 

 Chelles, associated with implements of human industry. 



These animals are now all fossil. They belong to the quaternary 

 geologic period, and have never been seen or known in the present day. 

 They have been found in many other prehistoric stations associated 

 with the Chellian implements of human manufacture. Here was the 

 beginning of human art. This was the first art product. 



The foregoing sentence might be easily overlooked. Its importance 

 is largely out of proportion with the space which it occupies, for it 

 tells the story that man existed in that country contemporaneous 

 with these animals, and in a geologic period so much older than the 

 present that one can scarcely imagine man's antiquity as having any 

 relation thereto. The succeeding epochs were more like that of the 

 present. The mammoth came first, and after it the reindeer. One 

 can obtain a faint idea of the time by considering that the reindeer 

 which occupied Southern France in probably greater numbers than it 

 now does in Lapland, was the animal on which the prehistoric man of 

 this epoch in that country relied principally for his food. A study of 

 the fauna of that period in southern France, as compared with that of 

 the present, shows that there were eighteen species of animals, then 



