A STUDY OF PREHISTORIC ANTHROPOLOGY. 619 



Portions of the skeleton of paleolithic men are believed to have been 

 found in several places throughout western Europe. It is useless to 

 attemi)t a full description of them ; suflQcient for my purpose to say 

 that they have been determined, from investigation of the skull, to have 

 been a long-headed race with retreating forehead and heavy frontal 

 projection. Enough bones have been found to determine that he was 

 of small stature, the extremities being comparatively short but heavy. 

 The sinuses indicate the attachment of heavy muscles, and, conse- 

 quently, great strength. The typical skulls of this race of men, and 

 which have given their names respectively to it, are that of Neander- 

 thal, the original of which is now at Bonn, and of Canustadt, which is 

 at Stutgard, both in Germany. 



I have said that the human occupation during this period, as indi- 

 cated by the remains of its civilization, extended generally over the 

 world. What became of man at its close is not at all determined, and 

 has scarcely been studied. In western Europe the scientists have had 

 bettter opportunities than iq, this country, and, consequently, have 

 made greater discoveries. It is the opinion of some that there was a 

 hiatus between the two races; others, without admitting this, are 

 equally satisfied of the great ditferences between the two. The neo- 

 lithic man, so far as concerns western Europe, must have come from 

 the east, that great foundation of civilization and unknown cradle of 

 the human race. He occupied the same territory which was before 

 occupied by paleolithic man, but what became of the paleolithic man 

 is unknown and a mystery. Whether he migrated to the north, follow- 

 ing up the Arctic animals when they took their departure; whether 

 the neolithic man came down upon and exterminated him; whether he 

 drove him off or absorbed the remnents, is as yet unknown. It may 

 never be known, but it is a subject for investigation, and the scien- 

 tists of these countries are engaged seriously in the work of examination. 



On the subject of this hiatus or gap, Mr. John Evans says: 



There appears, in this country at all events, to be a complete gap between the 

 river-drift and surface-stone periods, so far as any intermediate forms of implements 

 are concerned ; and here, at least, the race of men who fabricated the latest of the 

 paleolithic implements may have, and in all probability had, disappeared at an 

 epoch remote from that when the country was again occupied by those who not only 

 chipped out but polished their flint tools, and who were, moreover, associated with 

 a mammalian fauna far nearer resembling that of the present day than that of the 

 quarternary times. 



So different indeed are the two groups of animals that, as has been already re- 

 marked, Mr. Boyd Dawkins has shown that, out of forfcy-eight well-ascertained spe- 

 cies living in the post-glacial or river-drift period, only thirty-one were able to live 

 on into the prehistoric or surface-stone period. Such a change as this in the fauna 

 of a country can hardly have been the work of a few years, or even of a few cen- 

 turies; and yet we must intercalate a period of time sufficient for its accomplish- 

 ment between the farthest date to which we can carry back the neolithic period, and 

 the close of the paleolithic period as indicated by the low-level gravels. The an- 

 tiquity, then, that must be assigned to the implements in the highest beds of river- 



