12 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 
II 
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 
THE TUuBINARES frequent all the oceans of the world. 
Only a few species, however, breed both in the Northern 
and Southern hemispheres. The Southern Hemisphere is the 
stronghold of the group; fully twice as many species breed 
there as in the Northern Hemisphere. The Pacific Ocean, 
likewise, is much more prolific in species than the Atlantic 
and Indian oceans. The Pelecanoidide, the albatrosses of 
the genera Thalassarche and Phebetria, and the Fulmarine 
and Oceanitinz, with the exception of the Fulmar and White- 
faced Petrel, are peculiar to the Southern Hemisphere. The 
majority of the Thalassidromine and three of the five alba- 
trosses of the genus Diomedea are peculiar to the North 
Pacific. At least half a dozen species breed on the coasts of 
the Antarctic Continent, namely, the Giant, Slender-billed, 
and Antarctic’ fulmars and the Cape, Snowy, and Wilson’s 
petrels. In Arctic regions, the Fulmar breeds as far north as 
Franz Josef Land and Melville Island, and the Storm Petrel 
as far north as the Lofoten Islands, Norway. Notable ex- 
amples of diversity in distribution in intermediate latitudes 
are presented in the Wedge-tailed Shearwater and White- 
faced, Bulwer’s, and Harcourt’s petrels. The known breed- 
ing range of the Wedge-tailed Shearwater extends from the 
Seychelle and Mascarene islands in the Indian Ocean, Austra- 
lia, and the Kermadec Islands in the southwestern Pacific to 
the Revilla Gigedo, Hawaiian, and Volcano islands in the 
North Pacific, and the breeding range of the White-faced 
Petrel extends from Australian and New Zealand seas to 
Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic and the Cape Verde 
and Salvage islands in the North Atlantic. Bulwer’s and 
Harcourt’s petrels have a more discontinuous distribution. 
Bulwer’s Petrel is known to breed on the Madeira, Salvage, 
Canary, and Hawaiian islands, and Harcourt’s Petrel on the 
Azores, Madeira, Salvage, Cape Verde, Galapagos, and Ha- 
walian islands. 
* Cf. Mawson, Home of the Blizzard, v. 2, pp. 117, 260. 
