SCIENCE 
A WEEKLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, PUBLISHING THE 
OFFICIAL NOTICES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 
FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE: S. NEwcoms, Mathematics; R. S. WoopwaRp, Mechanics; E. C. PICKERING 
Astronomy ; T. C. MENDENHALL, Physics ; R. H. THURSTON, Engineering ; IRA REMSEN, Chemistry ; 
JOSEPH LE ConTE, Geology ; W. M. DAvis, Physiography ; HENRY F. OsBoRN, Paleontology ; 
W. K. Brooks, C. HART MERRIAM, Zoology ; S. H. ScupDDER, Entomology ; C. E. BrssEy, 
N. L. 
Physiology; J. S. BILLINGS, 
BRITTON, Botany ; C. 8S. Minor, Embryology, Histology; H. P. Bownpircn, 
Hygiene ; 
WILLIAM H. WELCH, Pathology ; 
J. MCKEEN CATTELL, Psychology ; J. W. PowELL, Anthropology. 
Fripay, JANUARY 18, 1901. 
CONTENTS : 
Annual Discussion before the American Society of 
Naturalists :— 
The Attitude of the State toward Scientific Inves- 
tigation: PROFESSOR HENRY FAIRFIELD Os- 
BORN, PROFESSOR WM. BULLOCK CLARK, DR. 
L. O. Howarp, Dr. B. T. GALLOWAY, PRO- 
FESSOR WILLIAM T. SEDGWICK..........-......++ 81 
The Albany Meeting of the Geological Society of 
America (I.): PROFESSOR J. F. KEMP........... 95 
The American Physical Society : PROFESSOR WIL- 
TA AUVg AVANT OCKe. ceo esteas, ice ncnacesstiscecscessescisaseters 101 
The American Mathematical Society - PROFESSOR 
TMs) INfs XOLOIEID) Goaddaatbonevondseccodon>deeEpocHaSecrecoseaces 
TEUATAD} o20ae0 snnaoadenbodebesadkooSsdbsbugesasdubobaaseboabate 104 
Scientific Books :— 
Sclater on the Mammals of South Africa: J. A. 
A. Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fish 
and Fisheries: M. C. MARSH. Photography in 
Colors: R. W. W. Books Received............... 
Scientific Journals and Articles 
Societies and Academies :— 
Zoological Club of the University of Chicago: 
TDI, (Ch! WE, ClEV AED) gajenosspsgdnocosecesconoonacdaconneend 112 
Discussion and Correspondence :— 
The U. S. Naval Observatory: M. Reproduc- 
tion of Diffraction Gratings : DR. ELIHU THOM- 
SONY asso aebbooos daddeconobaspscauSbosadesseyooasdecnasneorosd 113 
The Frictional Effect of Railway Trains on the Air: : 
Pan Dacian cnesein ceteris Gi chest niauavataraeedtessne ss 115 
Trivalent Carbons : W. A. N.u...c.ccceeeeeeeeseeeee eee 116 
(Cilmiins (OREGRSIAG) cooscomnqao ob6.0no0bond one soacHHCEOCE 116 
Report on a Western Branch of the American So- 
Ciety Of Naturalists. .......0...ccecceceeeececnsccasseeees 117 
Scientific Notes and News.........200cecccesenecusesnenees 117 
University and Educational News ........2.+.s1.e10se0+8 120 
MSS. intended for publication and books, etc., intended 
for review should be sent to the responsible editor, Pro- 
fessor J. McKeen Cattell, Garrison-on-Hudson, N. Y 
ANNUAL DISCUSSION BEFORE THE AMER- 
ICAN SOCIETY OF NATURALISTS.* 
THE ATTITUDE OF THE STATE TOWARD 
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION. 
A FAIR criterion of intelligence in the 
government of a country is afforded by an 
examination of its annual budget. There 
is first the provision for a certain num- 
ber of expenditures which are purely con- 
servative, because the State must maintain 
itself, it must defend itself, it must sup- 
port a large class of office holders who 
are more or less useful. Without know- 
ing the figures it is safe to say that the 
budget of Russia is chiefly of this order. 
These expenditures may be wisely and 
honestly made, but they largely go to waste; 
they are either immediately productive or 
altogether non-productive. On the other 
hand, there are expenditures in the nature of 
investments, looking to the future and char- 
acterizing the most far-sighted statesman- 
ship. Conspicuous among these are the 
funds invested in education and science. 
Said Helmholtz in 1862: ‘In fact men 
of science form, as it were, an organized 
army, laboring on behalf of the whole na- 
tion, and generally under its direction and 
* Given at the Baltimore Meeting, 1900. 
+‘On the Relation of Natural Science to General 
Science’ (Heidelberg, 1862), ‘Popular Lectures on 
Scientific Subjects’ by H. Helmholtz. New York, D. 
Appleton & Co. 1873. Pp. 28-30. 
‘ 
