84 
and general equipment that anticipate im- 
aginary rather than real needs; the diver- 
sion of these funds to purposes for which 
they were never intended; thesurreptitious 
introduction of material not mentioned in 
the original purpose of an appropriation ; 
in short, the obtaining of money under false 
pretenses ; these are immoralities which re- 
tard the development and jeopardize the ex- 
istence of the grand system which our state 
and national governments have so wisely 
instituted. 
A second consideration is the importance 
of cooperation between nation, state, and 
university in education and organization for 
research. A conspicuous example of the 
splendid results which may flow from such 
cooperation is found in the present adminis- 
tration of the United States Geological Sur- 
vey. Wesee the Government cooperating 
with the states and with the universities 
and public museums to produce a uniform 
investigation of the geology and paleon- 
tology of the entire area of the United 
States. Of this Professor Clark is far better 
qualified to speak than I am. 
In the foundation of the United States 
Fish Commission Station at Wood’s Holl, 
Spencer F. Baird, one of the most large- 
minded men this country has produced, 
formed a similar conception of the advan- 
tages of cooperation in biology, which alone 
justifies the erection of an enduring monu- 
ment to his memory. While the execution 
of his purpose may be described as having 
ebbed and flowed like the tides, strong under 
some administrations, such as Goode’s, and 
not even as yet fully attained, we have in 
the last few years seen an approach to the 
fulfilment of Baird’s ideal, and it remains 
for the United States Fish Commissioner 
and his staff, and the Director and Trustees 
of the Marine Biological Laboratory at 
Wood’s Holl, to consider a plan of eoopera- 
tion which will effectively combine the in- 
tellectual and material forces of these two 
SCLENCE. 
{[N.S. Vou. XIII. No. 316. 
institutions in the future. No private in- 
stitution can compete with the material re- 
sources of the government; no government 
institution can flourish without availing it- 
self of the intellectual resources of the uni- 
versity. The cooperative advantages which 
the Marine Biological Laboratory should 
enjoy as the premier institution of its kind 
in this country should be extended to other 
laboratories along the coast. The difficul- 
ties in the way of bringing about such coop- 
eration are more apparent than real, in 
fact, I am one of those who have firm faith 
that the ideal is also the practical and that 
we shall see Baird’s plans fulfiled in the 
case of biology, even as Hayden’s plans 
have been fulfiled in the case of geology. 
If the larger scientific interests of the 
country are one, and if the Utopian state is 
one in which there is a sympathetic ner- 
vous system connecting state and university 
work, it is obvious that our colleges and 
universities should consider more carefully 
than they have done the preparation of men 
especially for state work. Educators have 
perhaps had too exclusively in mind the 
medical school, the teaching profession, and 
too little the direct service of the state. 
This is a feature of the general subject which 
will be especially spoken of by Dr. Howard 
who is well qualified by his knowledge to 
discuss present conditions in state and col- 
lege and the present needs of government 
science. 
College and university men of science, 
and state and government men of science, 
naturally acquire certain individual char- 
acteristics; they have their strong points 
and their weak points, and it is of advan- 
tage to American science at large that these 
two classes of men in all departments of 
science, in physics, chemistry, geology, 
botany, zoology, should abrade their angles 
by coming into frequent contact; because 
contact not only removes prejudices, but it 
increases mutual respect and admiration, 
