88 
ture of economic entomology has been built, 
and workers in applied science are con- 
stantly making use of the results of the 
labors of workers in pure science. The 
practical outcome, however, of the labors of 
the workers in pure science is indirect, 
while the practical outcome of those who 
work in the economic applications of science 
is direct. In any emergency the direct 
method is the one which is immediately 
productive of practical results. The study 
of economic entomology is a study of facts 
which will enable us to meet one great and 
widely extended emergency. It must be con- 
ducted by the direct method, and the reason 
why this country stands in advance of the 
rest of the world in this application of sci- 
ence is because we are a practical people 
and have adopted the direct method. There 
can be no doubt, however, that it is neces- 
sary for the most successful economic 
worker to have had a sound training in pure 
science. 
This leads us naturally to the second 
point—the preparation of men by universi- 
ties especially for State work. The first 
training should be, as just stated, a broad 
One in pure science, but the practical appli- 
cations should follow with as rigid a course 
of instruction as can be given. University 
teachers should make a study of the mar- 
kets for the brains and training of their stu- 
dents. They should study the conditions 
of those markets and their needs. This is 
self-evident. But where is there a college 
professor who has made a careful study of 
the practical scientific needs of the;Govern- 
ment? Some years ago the President of 
Vassar College visited in Washington dur- 
ing the Haster vacation. He spent his days 
visiting the scientific branches of the Goy- 
ernment service. He spent his evenings at 
the Cosmos Club talking with the heads 
of those bureaus. He went home and ar- 
ranged a course of lectures on the scien- 
tific work of the Government to be delivered 
SCIENCE. 
[N. S. Vou. XIII. No. 316. 
for the most part by the men actually at the 
head of these branches of work. His aim 
was simply one of broad education, and I 
doubt whether he had any practical point in 
mind for the future of his students beyond 
the acquisition of general knowledge, but 
you will readily see that this idea might be 
used in a most practical way. 
Men in charge of university departments 
of scientific work should keep closely in 
touch with the Government work along 
similar lines. They should be encouraged 
to do this by the Government. Govern- 
ment should employ their services wherever 
they can be of use, and such cases are nu- 
merous. They themselves should be able, 
with the intimate knowledge acquired by 
official association or by close investigation 
of Government work, to lay out lines of 
study which will fit their students to take 
a hand in Government work. In many 
cases, of course, this cannot be thoroughly 
done in university laboratories at the pres- 
ent time. Very few college graduates can 
pass the special examinations for certain 
scientific positions under the Government 
without training which they have secured 
outside of the colleges. A study of such 
conditions will show just how this is to be 
done, and universities will find it to their 
advantage to increase their facilities for in- 
struction in such directions, and certainly it 
will be to the advantage of the Government 
scientific work. This is by no means anew 
idea. Several practical college men have 
been asking this question of men in charge 
of Government bureaus and only recently 
the newly elected President of the Massa- 
chusetts Institute of Technology, who went 
there direct from a Government bureau, 
sent out a circular letter asking Govern- 
ment officials how he can best train men in 
Boston for other branches of Government 
scientific work than that of which he was in 
charge. 
What does government do for zoology, 
