92 
work he must recognize the duties of life 
-which Professor Osborn has already pointed 
out. This will not allow him, however, to 
sit calmly down and wait for the material 
things of the world to come to him. The 
‘men who have it in their power to aid him 
are too busy to go out of their way to render 
help unless that help is sought. There ex- 
ists a mistaken idea that because one is en- 
gaged in or may be directing scientific work 
he is the one to be sought. We see this 
idea, shaping the policy followed in some 
of our important institutions, as already 
pointed out by Dr. Howard, and as a result 
they are being outstripped in every way by 
others which have a better appreciation of 
what is necessary to influence public senti- 
ment. After all, the public and those who 
represent the public look at this matter in 
its true light, for they have been educated 
to expect those who are responsible for im- 
portant lines of work to make their needs 
plainly understood. 
With the distinctly utilitarian sentiment 
toward science, as pointed out, the question 
arises as to what stand should be taken by 
those charged with the guidance of the work 
with respect to shaping a general policy 
which will meet the demand for practical 
ends, and at the same time advance the 
cause of science to the fullest extent. Ex- 
tremes must be avoided, for if the tendency 
is too strong toward pure science, opportu- 
nities will be lost through lack of support, 
and if toward ultra-utilitarianism, science 
itself will he endangered through the devel- 
opment of false views, erroneous statements 
and lack of judgment—rocks and reefs that 
must by all means be avoided. There is 
always a medium ground, however, where 
science and practice can each be made to 
help the other and each be the stronger for 
the support thus gained. This is the stand, 
I may say, that is now taken by those 
charged with most of the work conducted 
under the auspices of the Government, and 
SCIENCE. 
[N. S. Vou. XIII. No. 316. 
which, during the past fifteen years at least, 
has resulted in a rapid development of all 
work along broad and safe lines. Most of 
the departments of the Government, wherein 
scientific work is carried on, owe their exist- 
ence to a demand for greater knowledge on 
problems concerning the interests and wel- 
fare of the people. In the early days of 
this work too much attention was given to 
a mere diffusion of knowledge without re- 
gard to its source, and as a result of this 
original research did not receive the atten- 
tion it deserved. In later years, however, 
the importance of research is becoming more 
and more appreciated, and as a result the 
work has increased in strength and now 
commands the respect it deserves. It is 
unnecessary to dwell upon any specific work 
now being done by the Government, as the 
object of this discussion, as I understand it, 
is more to deal with general matters, and 
certain of the details have already been given 
by Dr. Howard. I will conclude what I 
have to say with just one statement, namely, 
that the future attitude of the State toward 
scientific research will in large measure de- 
pend on our own efforts individually and 
collectively. Let us therefore go forth with 
a determination to advance the cause of sci- 
ence in every way and to stand firmly for 
the great principles of truth it represents. 
B. T. GALLoway. 
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
In considering the attitude of the State to- 
ward scientific investigation 1t may be well 
to remember that with us the State is the 
people, ours being a government of the peo- 
ple, by the people, for the people. What 
then is and what should be the attitude of 
the people toward scientific investigation ? 
Probably very much the same as their aitti- 
tude toward education, and concerning this 
there can be no question. From the very 
beginning our people made careful provision 
for education by the establishment of public 
