448 
First of all, experience shows that those 
who financially control the great industries 
fully appreciate the need of improvement in 
both processes and products are particu- 
larly apt in propounding hard questions in 
connection therewith, and always expect 
that these questions shall be answered 
quickly and with the utmost accuracy. 
Young men who early come to a realiza- 
tion of this fact and prepare themselves by 
broad and thorough education to meet it 
are those who will succeed in the industries 
and ultimately have a controlling influence 
in their management. And what is to be 
said here on this subject is directed as much 
to the students as to those who instruct, for 
it is not difficult to understand the restric- 
tions placed upon teachers by the students 
themselves in the struggle to arrange work 
leading to the training, which many realize 
to be absolutely essential to meet the re- 
quirements of the near future. 
For it is beyond qnestion that the most 
thoroughly educated man is sure to best 
meet these requirements and become the 
leader in the industrial struggle of the near 
future. Dr. Duisberg, the director of the 
great color works at Elberfield, Germany, 
rightly fixed the standard when he said that 
‘above all a general comprehensive educa- 
tion is required. We must have in the 
industries persevering, energetic men with 
broad views.’ And Dr. Chittenden was 
right when he said “give a young man a 
broad knowledge and a thorough conception 
of the principal laws of physics, mechanics, 
hydraulies, etc., and he will soon adjust 
himself to the environment of professional 
work and eventually rise to a plane far 
beyond that of the man whose training has 
been purely technical,” and concluding his 
paper he says, ‘‘the rapid development of 
the sciences and their manifold industrial 
applications have opened up avenues for 
new ventures of great magnitude, and there 
is an increasing demand for young men of 
SCIENCE. 
s 
[N.S. Vou. XIII. No. 325. 
broad scientific knowledge and training. 
He who wishes for the fullest possible meas- 
ure of success must prepare himself thor- 
oughly for his life work and he can do this 
in no better way than by acquiring a broad 
and liberal education.” 
This important requisite to success could 
not be better described. Careful general 
training is conducive to the best thought 
and the best expression of the results of 
inquiry. And it is too frequently true that 
technical men are especially lacking in this 
particular. Too early specialization must 
tend to narrowness of view and therefore 
to limited influence. The general culture 
work of the preparatory schools, or of the 
colleges, will always be profitable, whether 
as preparatory to a specialty or an auxiliary 
to its prosecution. These principles will 
apply to all technologists, whether they are 
chemists or not. 
But what shall be the character of the 
special training of the technical chemist? 
First of all, we must admit, that this must 
cover thoroughly and profoundly a study of 
the science of chemistry. Dr. Fittig declares: 
‘Our problem is to study the science as 
such; to lead the student into the methods 
of strictly scientific investigation, to put 
him into position to solve pure scientific 
problems entirely independent of the ques- 
tion, whether he shall devote his powers to 
the services of the science itself or apply it 
to practical questions.”” He claims that 
many students take up the study without 
the scientific instinct. And Erlenmeyer 
says ‘a true scientific training should pro- 
duce ability and susceptibility for all and 
every use. With a knowledge of the prin- 
ciples and laws of the science, their use be- 
comes easy, they proceed independently.” 
Foerster, discussing the needs of the electro- 
chemists, says ‘‘ but aboveall be particular 
to secure fundamental training in the entire 
field of chemistry, thus utilizing the prin- 
ciple insisted upon by Liebig, that the best 
