fe SCIENCE 
A WEEKLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, PUBLISHING THE 
OFFICIAL NOTICES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 
FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 
EDITORIAL CoMMITTEE : 8S. NEwcomsB, Mathematics; R. S. WooDWARD, Mechanics; E. C. PICKERING, 
Astronomy ; T. C. MENDENHALL, Physics ; R. H. THuRsToN, Engineering ; IRA REMSEN, Chemistry ; 
JosEPH LE ConTE, Geology ; W. M. Davis, Physiography ; HENRY F. OsBoRN, Paleontology ; 
W. K. Brooks, C. HART MERRIAM, Zoology ; S. H. ScupDDER, Entomology ; C. E. BESSEY, 
N. L. Brirron, Botany; C. S. Minor, Embryology, Histology; H. P. BownpitcH, 
Physiology; J. S. BILLINGS, 
Hygiene ; 
WitLtiIAM H. WEtLcH, Pathology ; 
J. MCKEEN CATTELL, Psychology ; J. W. PowEut, Anthropology. 
Fripay, Aprit 5, 1901. 
CONTENTS : 
Observation and Experiment: PROFESSOR R. S. 
WOODWARD Iie. cactus oecarcenare dcceuonckeaieacceeosece 521 
On the Homologies and Probable Origin of the Em- 
bryo-sac: PROFESSOR GEO. F. ATKINSON....... 530 
Natural History Work at the Marine Biological 
Laboratory, Woods Holl: PRroressor C. O. 
\ VE CUT EAR aes Sood eanecbonieecEBbedd suoceantesctaceeenees 538 
Christian Frederik Liithen: F. A. B....2...1+.000se00e 540 
Scientific Books :— 
Progress of Forest Management in the Adiron- 
dacks : PROFESSOR V. M. SPALDING. Willey’s 
Zoological Results : PROFESSOR G. H. PARKER. 
Taylor on the Austin Dam: PROFESSOR FRED- 
THR) Vio, SITIONS IDS pccossqoscedadacoasenbdscqos000G0000000 542 
Scientific Journals and Articles.........secccceseeecceees 545 
Societies and Academies :— 
Antiropological Society of Washington: Dr. 
WALTER HouauH. Science Club of Upper Iowa 
University. Science Club of the University of 
Wisconsin: PROFESSOR Louis KAHLENBERG. 
Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society: PROFESSOR 
CHAS PBASKHE VILL eetece renee eee 547 
Discussion and Correspondence :— 
The Date of Rafinesque’s Death: DR. R. ELs- 
WoRTH CALL. Lunar Halo: C. M. BROOMALL 548 
Shorter Articles :— 
The Largest Known Dinosaur: DR. ELMER S. 
Riees. _A Recent Fault-Slip, Ogden Canyon, 
Utah: PROFESSOR J. E. TALMAGE...........2+5 549 
Quotations :-— 
The U. 8. Naval Observatory. Politics and State 
Cninier sities cnccresesee restate Secor cee ile teee 550 
Current Notes on Physiography :— 
Snake River Canyon ; Alpine Morphology ; New 
Zealand: PROFESSOR W. M. DAVIS........-...... 551 
Contemporary Thermodynamic Efficiencies: PRo- 
FESSOR R. H. THURSTON..-........2..eeeeeecenceeees 552 
The U. S. Geological Survey......ccccccceeccceeenerssneee 554 
Scientific Notes and News.......... aac6Gb65000 555 
University and Educational News.........ssc++++000+0+++ 560 
MSS. intended for publication and books, etc., intended 
for review should be sent to the responsible editor, Pro- 
fessor J. McKeen Cattell, Garrison-on-Hudson, N. Y. 
OBSERVATION AND EXPERIMENT.* 
THE near coincidence of this anniversary 
meeting of the Academy with the end of the 
nineteenth and with the beginning of the 
twentieth century imposes peculiar and 
quite unexpected restrictions in the way of 
freedom of choice of a fitting subject for an 
address. Naturally one would like to pass 
in review some of the brilliant achievements 
of science in the past century, and perhaps 
forecast the still more brilliant advances 
that may be expected to mature in the 
present century. Especially might one feel 
tempted to present a semi-popular inventory 
of the more striking or recondite scientific 
events with which he is particularly fa- 
miliar. But all this and more, strange as 
it may seem, has been done, or is being 
done, by the public press. Specialists in 
almost every branch of science have been 
employed to expound and to summarize 
the discoveries, the theories, and the useful 
applications which have rendered science, 
by common consent, the most important 
factor in the civilization of the nineteenth 
century. Statesmen, philosophers and di- 
vines are likewise sounding the praises of 
science and the scientific method with a 
warmth of recognition and with a stamp of 
approval which tend to make one who is 
*Address of the President of the New York Acad- 
emy of Sciences, read before the Academy on Febru- 
ary 25, 1901. 
