540 
press too strongly the general conviction 
when he declared—‘‘ The one great desid- 
eratum of modern biology is an experiment 
station where protracted observations can 
be carried on year after year on living ani- 
mals.” 
The ideal plan would certainly make the 
farm an integral part of a natural history 
institute, according to the idea of the Ba- 
conian model; and herein may be seen the 
propriety of the name, ‘ Baconian Institute 
of Experimental Evolution,’ proposed for 
such a foundation by Professor Osborn.* 
An institute organized to meet the com- 
mon needs of naturalists, and supported as 
a biological center—conditions approxi- 
mated at Woods Holl—would obviously 
supply a strong combination of forces, and 
so ensure to a natural history farm its 
higher utilities as a source of scientific dis- 
covery and of unparalleled facilities for in- 
struction. 
C. O. WHITMAN. 
CHRISTIAN FREDERIK LUTKEN. + 
Tue death of Professor Lutken of Copen- 
hagen removes one of the last of that band 
of eminent zoologists whose long and active 
lives cast such luster on the Scandinavian 
countries throughout the last century. 
Christian Frederik Lutken was born in 
Sor on October 4, 1827, the son of Pro- 
fessor Johannes Christian Liitken, Reader 
in Philosophy at the Academy there. It 
was during his last year’s study at the 
Academy, which he entered in 1844, that 
young Lutken was induced by the lectures 
of Hauch and Steenstrup to turn seriously 
to zoology ; and this he pursued when he 
passed to the University of Copenhagen in 
1846. There he came in contact with 
Liebmann, Forchhammer, Ibsen, Eschircht, 
** From the Greeks to Darwin,’ p. 93. 
{| Much of the personal matter in this notice is 
gleaned from an article by H. F. E. Jungersen in 
Iilustreret Tidende (Copenhagen) for February 17th, 
The article is accompanied by an excellent portrait. 
SCIENCE. 
[N.S. Von. XIII. No. 327. . 
H. C. Oersted, and ‘again Steenstrup, who 
was in the same year appointed professor of 
zoology at the University. Liitken’s zoo- 
logical studies were, however, interrupted by 
the troubles of 1849-50 (first Schleswig- 
Holstein war), when he served as a volun- 
teer and took part in the battles of Ullerup 
and Isted. He was accorded permission to 
complete and publish his first scientific 
work during the winter 1849-50, and in 
1852 finally left the army to fill a place as 
assistant in the Zoological Museum of the 
University, taking the degree of Magister 
in the following year. The position at the 
small University Museum was neither as- 
sured nor well paid, but it was improved 
some ten years later, when the Royal 
Museum was joined with that of the Univer- 
sity to form the existing Museum of Natural 
History, in the second division of which 
(dealing with fish and lower animals, ex- 
cept Arthropoda) Litken served as assist- 
ant to Steenstrup. It was not till the 
death of J. Reinhart in 1882 that he ob- 
tained an independent appointment as In- 
spector of the First Division, which was 
now made toinclude all vertebrates. After 
Steenstrup’s retirement, on January 28, 
1885, Lutken was appointed professor of 
zoology at the University and thus became 
chairman of the Museum Board, while he 
continued to direct the Division of Verte- 
brata. In 1885 he married his cousin 
Mathea Elizabeth Miller, who died in 1890, 
leaving no children. Some five years later 
Lutken’s own energies began to yield to 
attacks of illness; in the summer of 1898 
he had a paralytic stroke from which he 
never recovered; he therefore retired from 
his official posts at the beginning of 1899, 
and after a long struggle finally succumbed 
on the 6th of February at the age of 73. 
Liitken’s labors fall under the heads of 
museum work, education and descriptive 
zoology. 
The Zoological Museum of Copenhagen, 
