570 
and general lines. The need of the electro- 
chemist is for the broadest possible devel- 
opment in the science of physics. 
Analytical chemistry is of fundamental 
importance for the electrochemist. He 
should be able to make more or less com- 
plex analysis not only accurately, but 
rapidly. Speed in carrying out an analysis 
is often a necessity. 
Inorganic chemistry is still taught but 
little at the German universities, and this 
is, of course, fundamental for the electro- 
chemist. Some little inorganic chemistry 
is taught under the head of ‘ general chem- 
istry.’ In other places some lecture ex- 
periments are shown, and equations written, 
showing the transformations of substances. 
In other places inorganic chemistry is dealt 
with from the standpoint of the modern 
theory of ions. But in the last decade in- 
organic chemistry has developed as rapidly 
and made as great strides as theoretical 
chemistry. Thus, the vast amount of 
knowledge which we have in reference to 
the formation and decomposition of double 
salts, the beautiful experiments in the field 
of complex compounds, the extension of our 
science to the rare gases and rare earths, 
the reactions of substances at high tempera- 
tures as studied by the French school, the 
transformation temperatures and, finally, 
the fundamental relations of all phenomena 
to the Periodic System, are seldom dealt 
with. We need a place in which these 
matters can be really systematically discussed 
and brought to their attention. We should 
teach the students fewer formulas and more 
about the real knowledge of the properties of all 
the elements and compounds. 
We know from the lectures of Van’t 
Hoff on ‘ The Increasing Importance of In- 
organic Chemistry,’ and of Hittorf on ‘ The 
Necessity of Establishing Special Chairs for 
Inorganic Chemistry in the German Uni- 
versities,’ that the chairs of inorganic 
chemistry have been occupied almost ex- 
SCIENCE. 
[N. S. Vou. XIII. No. 328. 
clusively by organic chemists, whose inter- 
est and indeed whose knowledge were not 
in this field. As co-editor with Kuster of 
the Zeitschrift fiir anorganische Chemie, I 
have had the very best opportunity to ob- 
serve how great has been the growth in 
this field. If any one should think that 
the reason for desiring new chairs of inor- 
ganic chemistry to be established is in any 
way connected with the desire that certain 
individuals should have full professorships 
in inorganic chemistry, he has not obtained 
his information from the proper source. 
In reference to the training of the electro- 
chemist in organic chemistry, that is al- 
ready amply provided for, and nothing 
further need be said concerning it. The 
electrochemist should also study as sub- 
ordinate subjects mineralogy, crystallog- 
raphy, geology, ete. 
Lorenz then takes up the question as 
to how far the electrochemist should be 
familiar with mechanics, a knowledge of 
machines, mechanical drawing, etc. He 
recognizes the force of Ostwald’s warning, 
that the student should not have too many 
subjects, but under present conditions elec- 
trochemists, in out-of-the-way places, may 
have to fill so many réles that a knowledge 
of these mechanical matters is often a neces- 
sity. 
In reference to the special electrochem- 
ical training; instruction should be given, 
as Knorre has already pointed out, in gen- 
eral and technical electrochemistry, in gen- 
eral physical chemistry, as well as in ther- 
mochemistry, chemical dynamics, organic 
electrochemistry, chemical thermodynam- 
ics, etc. The student should be so trained 
in mathematics that these subjects can be 
dealt with mathematically. The best 
means to train and develop an electro- 
chemist, in general, is the carrying out of 
a scientific investigation, as Ostwald has 
already maintained. : 
Lorenz then takes up the discussion of 
