Apri 12, 1901.] 
theria,’ by W. T. Councilman, F. B. Mallory 
and R. M. Pearce. The material was derived 
from 220 fatal cases of diphtheria, and the vari- 
ous regions of the body are treated in detail. 
An extensive bibliography of recent literature 
on the subject is appended, the whole forming 
a most important contribution to our knowledge 
of diphtheria. 
In The American Naturalist for March, W. M. 
Wheeler and W. H. Long describe ‘ The Males 
of some Texan Ecitons’ and incidentally tell 
much of the habits of these ants and of the 
raids made by them on other species. W. H. 
Dall discusses ‘The Morphology of the Hinge 
Teeth of Bivalves,’ calling attention to the 
work of Bernard and Steinmann and giving 
preference to the formula devised by the latter 
for indicating the arrangement of the teeth and 
sockets. Harris H. Wilder describes ‘The 
Pharyngo-CGisophageal Lung of Desmognathus,’ 
showing that this species, and inferentially 
other lungless salamanders, breathes mainly 
by means of a definitely localized portion of 
the anterior part of the alimentary canal. J. 
Arthur Harris presents some ‘ Notes on the 
Habits of Cambarus Immunis Hagen,’ showing 
that this species, like others of the genus, bur- 
rows, and implying that by this means the 
animals are preserved through the dry months 
ofsummer. Albert M. Reese tells of the ‘ Arti- 
ficial Incubation of Alligator Eggs’ by keeping 
the eggs in damp humus in an incubator at a 
temperature of 87° C. ‘The Colors of North- 
ern Apetalous Flowers’ are considered by John 
H. Lowell, giving a table showing that the great 
majority are white or dull-colored, and con- 
cluding that they are of primitive character 
_ and not degraded entomophilous forms. ‘The 
Prehistoric Workshops at Mt. Kinco, Maine,’ 
are treated by C. C. Willoughby, who states that 
it is evident the products were mainly intended 
for transportation and to be finished at a dis- 
tance. 
In the Plant World for February William 
Palmer tells of ‘Deforested Cuba’ and the 
manner in which the trees have been destroyed 
and the soil injured by the continued burning 
over of the land. Pauline Kaufman describes 
the ‘ Orchids in Central Park,’ EH. M. Williams 
SCIENCE. 
583 
‘The Masked Tricholoma’ and Stewart H. 
Burnham ‘A February Outing in California,’ 
while ‘The Discovery of a Plumose Variety of 
the Ebony Spleenwort’ is noted by Francis B. 
Horton. In the Supplement, ‘The Families 
of Flowering Plants,’ Charles Louis Pollard 
treats of various families of the order Ranales. 
THE February number of the American Geolo- 
gist contains an article by S. P. Jones on ‘The 
Geology of the Tallulah Gorge.’ The Tallulah 
River isa tributary of the Chattooga and finally 
reaches the Savannah in South Carolina. The 
Grand Chasm of which the paper treats is sit- 
uated in the crystalline area of Georgia and sur- 
rounded by granites, gneisses and schists, sup- 
posed to be pre-Cambrian. The principal 
constituent of the rock is quartz, but small 
quantities of feldspar and mica are present. The 
falls are found to have been produced entirely 
by the river and atmospheric agencies, and it is 
further found that both falls and gorge are of 
recent age. It has been shown by certain 
geologists, with whom the author concurs, that 
this stream is an example of piracy, having been 
captured by the Tugaloo from the Chatta- 
hoocha river and diverted into the Savannah. 
In ‘Paleontological Speculations,’ Mr. L. P. 
Gratacap gives a few notions derived from an 
extensive study of collections among which are 
mentioned those of the American Museum of 
Natural History. These are studied for the 
purpose of determining the variations whose 
accumulated force ushers in new forms in the 
life series and by whose influence on the organ- 
ism as a whole a kinetic impulse is established 
in a new direction. The. deductions of Dr. 
Succo, Professor H. S. Williams, Professor Al- 
pheus Hyatt and others, concerning change of 
environment of air, water and deep sea, are dis- 
cussed. The fauna of the different ages and 
their philogeny, and their development through 
following ages, arealso discussed in an interest- 
ing manner. ‘The Plan of the Earth and Its 
Causes,’ by J. W. Gregory, follows, and is an 
interesting discussion of the prevalent theories 
of the earth’s formation, and its growth to its 
present relations of land, water and air. The 
discussion is to be continued. Then follows the 
usual ‘Recent Geological Literature,’ ‘Cata- 
