APRIL 19, 1901. | 
is represented by one or more typical forms 
in preparations illustrating as fully as pos- 
sible the skeletal and locomotory apparatus, 
the circulatory and nervous systems, and 
the alimentary, respiratory and uro-genital 
tracts. 
This display forms the guiding thread 
to the study of the individual forms—in 
respect to typical structures, 7%. e., the 
fundamental anatomical characters of the 
mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian and fish 
are grouped together to afford a compre- 
hensive view of the entire organism, from 
which starting point the detailed investiga- 
tion of characteristic structures in their 
various modifications is to be followed 
through the series of species belonging to 
the same class. 
To illustrate : the typical structure of the 
avian pectoral girdle is represented in the 
collection by the girdle of Palamedea cornuta, 
the horned screamer. It is here shown to 
contain three elements, the scapula, cora- 
coid and fureula. 
Turning to the corresponding series dem- 
onstrating the successive modifications of 
this structure, we find it as a link in the 
group devoted to the development of the 
vertebrate shoulder girdle. The various 
modifications in shape, extent and sternal 
attachment of the complete furcula are first 
illustrated, together with preparations of 
the membranous and ligamentous struc- 
tures, which have a bearing on ‘the general 
morphology of the episternal apparatus. 
In the next place the avian girdle is 
found to pass from the type represented by 
Palamedea, in which all three skeletal ele- 
ments are fully developed, to the interme- 
diate condition seen in the toucan, where 
the fureula is developed as a bilateral 
structure, the two segments not fusing over 
the sternum, until we come to the brevi- 
pennate group of birds, of which Dromcus 
still has rudimentary anterior collar bones, 
whereas in Struthio, Rhea and Casuarius these 
SCIENCE. 
603 
have lost their identity by becoming fused 
with the scapula. 
In the second place this division of the 
museum affords the basis for broad com- 
parison between the organizations of the 
different vertebrate classes. For example, 
the comparison of the entire anatomical 
system of a typical reptile, bird and mam- 
mal will show why reptiles and birds, al- 
though differing widely in structural detail, 
yet have sufficient general morphological 
characters in common, as against the mam- 
mal, to entitle them to be grouped under 
the single broad head of the Sauropsida. 
Then again, this portion of the museum 
is designed to elucidate the important prob- 
lems of derivation of vertebrate sub-classes. 
2. The second main division of the muse- 
um deals with the development, evolution 
and comparative structure of single organs 
and systems. The homologies in the dif- 
ferent classes, and the modifications of the 
typical structures in each class, are here 
demonstrated as completely as possible. 
In many respects this portion of the work 
is educationally the most important. We 
draw most extensively upon it for our an- 
atomical undergraduate instruction in the 
elucidation of problems in human mor- 
phology. I cannot take time in even super- 
ficially outlining the detailed development 
of this division of the anatomical museum. 
The enumeration of a few of the principal 
series must suffice. 
I may instance the series dealing with 
the morphology of the alimentary tract, and 
‘especially the group devoted to the struc- 
ture of the ileo-colic junction, cecum, ver- 
miform appendix and the allied segments of 
the large intestine. This series, including 
at present over 600 preparations, and be- 
ginning with type forms illustrating this 
portion of the alimentary canal in fishes, 
amphibia, reptiles and birds, passes to a 
complete demonstration of the structures in 
mammals, terminating with several speci- 
