662 
‘New Subspecies of North American Birds,’ 
and Leonhard Stejneger considers ‘ The Two 
Races of Saxicola wnanthe.’ There is a large 
number of interesting General Notes, reviews 
of Recent Literature and Notes and News. 
Bird Lore for March-April opens with an 
article by Frederic A. Lucas on ‘ Walrus Island, 
a Bird Metropolis of Bering Sea,’ with some 
reproductions of fine photographs by H. D. 
Chichester. Mrs. Harriet Carpenter Thayer 
tells of ‘Our Blue Jay Neighbors,’ with illus- 
trations from photographs by Thos. 8. Roberts ; 
F. A. Van Sant has a brief paper on ‘ Early 
Larks,’ and P. B. Peabody another on ‘Saw- 
whet Homes.’ In the third series of ‘ Birds 
and Seasons’ the theme is treated by various 
well-known ornithologists, the birds being those 
for April and May. Elizabeth Hoppin Lewis 
contributes for young observers an illustrated 
poetical ‘A BC of Bird-Lore.’ There are the 
usual reviews and the section devoted to the 
‘ Audubon Societies.’ 
THE Journal of the Boston Society of Medical 
Sciences for February contains papers on ‘The 
Relation Between Conductivity and the Inor- 
ganic Salts of the Nerve,’ by Albert P. Mathews ; 
‘ Dermatomyosites, with Report of a Case which 
also presented a Rare Muscle Anomaly, but 
once described in Man,’ by Walter R. Steiner, 
and ‘The Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Oxy- 
gen on Smooth Muscle,’ by Allen Cleghorn, 
assisted by H. D. Lloyd. The remainder of 
the number is devoted to abstracts of papers 
presented at the second annual meeting of the 
Association of American Bacteriologists, in De- 
cember, 1900. Among these we note one on 
the possibility of infection from the use of- 
modeling clay in school work. 
SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 
SECTION OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY 
OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY 
OF SCIENCES. 
A REGULAR meeting of the section was held 
on March 25th, Professor Cattell presiding. 
The aunual election of section officers was held, 
resulting in the choice of Professor Livingston 
Farrand as Chairman, and Dr. R. 8. Wood- 
worth as Secretary. 
SCIENCE. 
(N.S. Von. XIII. No, 330. 
Professor F. H. Giddings presented a paper 
on the use of the term ‘race.’ He spoke in part 
as follows: ‘‘Theterm ‘race’ as used by many 
different groups of investigators—anthropolo- 
gists, ethnologists, philologists and historians— 
long since ceased to have a definite meaning. 
Efforts to establish a technical and conven- 
tional use of the word have thus far been un- 
successful. As one more attempt Isuggest a com- 
bination of the word ‘race’ with various descrip- 
tive adjectives, denoting successive degrees of 
kinship. The narrowest degree of relationship 
is consanguinity, or the relationship (physiolo- 
gical, psychological and sociological) of father, 
and mother and children, brothers and sisters, 
grandparents and grandchildren, uncles, aunts 
and cousins. Let us designate this degree of 
kinship by Kj. The next degree of kinship, 
or K, is propinquity. The primary meaning of 
this word is ‘nearness in place’ and the secon- 
dary meaning is ‘nearness in blood.’ The word 
is thus perfectly descriptive of a state of facts 
which we find when a number of families live 
in the same neighborhood and, through inter- 
marriage and association, become related (but 
less closely than the consanguini of ,) in 
blood, in type of mind, and in institutions. 
K, is nationality, that wide degree of kinship 
(physical, mental and social) which includes 
those who speak the same language, and, for 
many generations, have dwelt together under 
the same political organization. K, is poten- 
tial nationality, or the degree of relationship 
(physical, mental and social) of a heterogeneous 
people composed of many nationalities, under- 
going assimilation, or blending, into a new 
nationality, as in the United States. Potential 
nationality includes the familiar census divi- 
sions, ‘native born of native parents,’ ‘native 
born of foreign parents,’ and ‘foreign born.’ 
K; is ethnic-race, a group of closely related 
nationalities, speaking closely related lan- 
guages, and having well-marked psychological 
characteristics in common. Examples are the 
Celtic ethnic-race, including the Welsh, the 
Irish, the Highland Scotch, some of the Cornish 
and the Bretons; the Teutonic ethnic-race, in- 
cluding Germans, Swedes, Norwegians, Danes 
and Dutch ; and the Latin ethnic-race, includ- 
ing Italians, Spaniards and Greeks ; K, is Glot- 
