May 10, 1901.] 
theses, except that of Mr. Yabé, are already 
reported in the Botanisches Centralblatt,* by 
Professor Miyoshi. Some of them have al- 
ready been published, and the rest will be 
published soon. 
In the graduate course no lectures are 
given. By presenting a thesis which rep- 
resents five years’ study after graduation 
the degree of ‘ Rigaku hakushi’ (Doctor of 
Science) isgiven. Of these five years the 
first two must be spent at the University. 
There are now seven students in the grad- 
uate course of botany, one of them studying 
outside of the University. Their subjects 
of study are mostly in the lines of plant 
physiology and physiological anatomy. 
At present there are two professors 
and three assistants in the Botanical De- 
partment. Professor Matsumura, whois the 
head of the department and the director of 
the Botanical Garden, has charge of system- 
atic botany. He studied in Germany under 
the late Professor Sachs, in Wurzburg, and 
Professor Pfitzer, in Heidelberg. Professor 
Miyoshi is the professor of plant physiology. 
He graduated from the Imperial University 
and afterward studied in Professor Pfeffer’s 
laboratory at Leipzic for three years. He 
is the well-known worker on the chemo- 
tropism of fungi. 
Professor Matsumura is now studying the 
flora of the islands of Formosa. The re- 
sults of his study have been partly published. 
Professor Miyoshi is engaged in investigat- 
ing the coloring matter of flowers, besides 
other physiological studies. Mr. Fanjii, the 
assistant, who has occupied this position 
for several years after graduating from the 
University, is making researches along 
morphological and ecological lines. Mr. 
Makino, an assistant, is now studying the 
difficult group of bamboo, besides his 
systematic researches on Japanese phaner- 
ogams and ferns. 
* Botanisches Centralblatt, Bd. 80, No. 
and Bd. 83, No. 11, 1900. 
5, 1899, 
SCIENCE. 
737 
The Botanical Laboratory is situated in 
the Botanical Garden. The Botanical Gar- 
den is more than two hundred years old. 
The garden was used primarily for medicinal 
plants, but now it has many kinds of 
Japanese and foreign plants. There is also 
a large green-house. The herbarium of the 
Botanical Laboratory contains nearly all the 
Japanese plants, including tropical plants 
from the islands of Loochoo and Formosa, 
besides some exotic plants. The crypto- 
gamic herbarium is not yet completed, as 
many of the lower forms are not well stud- 
ied. The library of the laboratory contains 
the leading German, French, English and 
Italian journals. Zeiss microscopes are 
commonly used in the laboratory. 
There is another botanical laboratory 
in the College of Agriculture. Professor 
Shirai has charge of plant pathology and 
dendrology. He is especially interested in 
fungi and the plant diseases. He is now 
studying in Berlin. Professor Ikeno, the 
well-known investigator of Cycas, is giving 
the lectures on plant morphology and phys- 
iology. He is engaged on investigations in 
histology and cytology. The leading Eng- 
lish, German and French botanical journals 
are also found in this laboratory. 
The botany in the higher high school in 
Tokyo is taught by Dr. Goto, who is a zo- 
ologist. In the Higher Normal School of 
Tokyo, Professor Okubo has charge of the 
Botanical Laboratory. Professor Miyoshi, 
of the Imperial University, is now giving the 
lectures on plant physiology during the ab- 
sence of Dr. Saida, who is in Germany. 
In the Agricultural Experiment Station 
of Tokyo there are several botanists. Mr. 
Hori, the chief botanist, has charge of vege- 
table pathology. Various kinds of plant 
diseases are constantly studied here. The 
disease of the mulberry tree, the leaves of 
which furnish the food for the silkworm, 
were the special subject of investigation 
during the last few years by a special com- 
