May 10, 1901.] 
sort, must decide for his own part in favor of 
a topical treatment in which qualitative and 
quantitative analyses are conjointly used and 
regarded as methodical aids to the elucidation 
of principles and the determination of re- 
sults. As in physiology we consider first the 
bony system, then the circulatory, then the 
nervous system, and so on and in the end 
and all the way through keep in mind the 
mutual interrelations of these systems, and 
introduce quantitative determinations so far 
as they aid the comprehension of the func- 
tions considered ; so in psychology there is good 
ground for considering that the greatest peda- 
gogical success and the clearest insight into 
the significance of mental phenomena will be 
reached by the pursuance of a similar method 
of exposition.. For those of this opinion, it will 
still be possible to use the qualitative and quan- 
titative parts together, though with some re- 
adjustment of method. Another marked char- 
acteristic of the manual is the selection of a 
relatively few groups of experiments and the 
careful elaboration of these. In this an ex- 
emplar may be found in the usage of many 
laboratories of physics. In the unsettled status 
of psychological practice this point is also likely 
to be favored by some and rejected by others. 
The principle involved is this: How far shall 
an experiment represent a verification by each 
individual of the essential facts of a given 
principle or trait of mental processes? or shall 
it be a miniature reestablishment of the method 
and the evidence which led to the formulation 
of that principle? Sanford adopts the former 
plan, Titchener the latter. Again, both practi- 
cal and theoretical considerations will affect 
one’s decision; that the former practice is the 
more readily assimilated to the ordinary prac- 
tice courses of our universities admits of little 
doubt. These, then, aresome of the differences 
of route which the psychological tourist will en- 
counter ; and he must choose his own guide and 
take the benefits and losses that result from his 
choice. Which is the easier road to travel, 
which affords the better outlook, experience 
alone will decide. It is fortunate that our 
psychological guides, in this case, are animated 
by the best of motives and equipped with ad- 
mirable training for their tasks. 
SCIENCE 
743 
‘Both Sanford’s and Titchener’s manuals are 
adapted to the student witha marked and well- 
grounded interest in the work. They are 
manuals for ‘long course’ specialized stu- 
dents. There is still an urgent need for a more 
elementary manual that will cover asmall num- 
ber of carefully selected experiments in a way 
suited to the ‘short course’ students. Such 
seems to have been promised by the announce- 
ment which Cattell withdrew, and is in a meas- 
ure accomplished by the German manual above 
referred to, and may be approximated by a 
judicious selection and reconstruction of San- 
ford’s experiments. While welcoming a new 
and important aid to the teaching of experi- 
mental psychology, this need, that is still to be 
satisfied, may be appropriately noted. 
The instructor’s manual is a complete inno- 
vation in the literature of psychology, and one 
to be highly valued. It is to be understood 
that this is an entirely different book from the 
other, though necessarily following the same 
order of experiments and the same unfoldment 
of topics. Yet the text is addressed to the di- 
rector of the experiments; he is given a com- 
plete account of the sources of error, and the 
precautions to be followed in the conduct of the 
experiment, is referred to the appropriate liter- 
ature, and to more exact apparatus and obser- 
vations not suited to student use. This, indeed, 
is in many ways the most valuable portion of 
the work. It makes possible for the first time 
the systematic training of the assistant by the 
director of the laboratory, and gives the special 
student in experimental psychology a reliable 
and methodical guide to the problems with 
which he is in the main to be concerned. The 
use of this manual as a basis of a special course 
for advanced students, in training to become 
professional psychologists, is one of its possi- 
bilities apart from its primary function. Pro- 
fessor Titchener has here placed at the disposal 
of his colleagues the result of years of very 
special and successful devotion to the problems 
of psychology susceptible to treatment by the 
experimental methods, and for this service so 
admirably accomplished he is entitled to the 
honors and privileges attaining to the distinc- 
tion of carrying through so difficult and impor- 
tant a piece of pioneer work. 
